Science KMT and Classifying Matter

What are the three states of matter?

Solid, Liquid, Gas

What do the Particle Model of Matter and the Kinetic Molecular Theory do?

They combine to form the basis of our understanding of how matter behaves.

What are the four main points of the Particle Model of Matter?

1. All matter is made of very small particles

2. There are spaces between the particles and the amount of space depends on the state of matter

3. These particles are always moving

4. The particles are attracted to one another and the strength of the attraction depends on the types of particles.

What does the KMT include that the Particle Model doesn’t?

How matter behaves when the kinetic energy of the particles change.

What is kinetic energy?

The energy of motion

What does the KMT explain?

1. What happens to matter when the kinetic energy of particles changes.

2. The difference between solids, liquids, and gases.

What is the 1st part of the KMT?

All matter is made up of very small particles.

What is the 2nd part of the KMT?

There is empty space between particles.

What is the 3rd part of the KMT?

Particles are constantly moving. In liquids and gases, they are colliding with each other and with the walls of their container.

What is the 4th part of the KMT?

Energy makes particles move.

How do particles of a solid move?

They are so tightly packed together they can only vibrate.

How do particles of a liquid move?

They can move by sliding past eachother because they are farther apart.

How do particles of a gas move?

They move around quickly by bouncing off each other or the walls because they are very far apart.

? = ? = ?

More energy = faster movement = particles move farther apart

Particles in __________________ objects have _________________ kinetic energy, and their particles simply vibrate back and forth.

solid, low

Particles in __________________ objects have _________________ kinetic energy and move faster.

gas, high

What is the first step in classifying matter?

Matter → Mixtures and Pure Substances

How do you classify Mixtures?

Mixtures → Mechanical, Suspension, Solutions

How do you classify Pure Substances?

Pure Substances → Compounds, Elements

What do mixtures contain?

2 or more pure substances

What type of properties do Pure Substances have?

They are always the same properties

What is an element?

A pure substance composed of the same type of atom that cannot be broken down/separated into simpler substances.

What is an atom?

The basic building block of matter

Examples of elements

sodium, gold, oxygen

What is a compound?

A pure substance composed of the atoms of at least 2 different elements combined in a specific way.

How are compounds considered pure?

Compounds are chemically bonded together making a unique substance which is pure.

Examples of compounds

carbon dioxide, water, organic molecule

What is a mechanical mixture?

A mixture that contains particles of the different substances that remain clumped together.

What is easy to see in mechanical mixtures?

It is very easy to see each “part” of the mechanical mixture

Examples of mechanical mixtures

granola, crowd of people

What is a suspension mixture?

A mixture that contains particles of different substances that remain partly clumped together.

Examples of suspension mixtures

15 day old milk (sour milk), water and oil

What is a solution mixture?

A mixture that contains particles of the different substances that are completely mixed together.

Examples of solution mixtures

ocean, apple juice

Gold is a(n)…

element

Sugar is a(n)…

Compound

Tomato juice is a(n)…

Suspension Mixture

Sea water is a(n)…

solution mixture

Granola is a(n)…

mechanical mixture

What is a physical property of matter?

A characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing its chemical identity.

What are the types of physical properties?

Qualitative and Quantitative

What are the characteristics of Qualitative Properties?

no measurements, descriptive words

What are the characteristics of Quantitative Properties?

measurable, assigned a value

What are three qualitative properties of this carrot?

orange body, rough texture, green leaf

What are three qualitative properties of this ring?

shiny, gold base, diamond at the top

Texture is…

qualitative

Viscosity (a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow) is…

quantitative

Density is…

quantitative

Malleability (the quality of something that can be shaped into something else without breaking) is…

qualitative

Odour is…

qualitative

Ductility (the ability of a material to sustain significant plastic deformation before fracture) is…

qualitative

Brittleness (a material's tendency to break or fracture when stressed) is…

qualitative

Conductivity (the degree to which a specified material conducts electricity) is…

quantitative

Temperature is…

quantitative

Solubility (the ability of a solid, liquid, or gaseous chemical substance (referred to as the solute) to dissolve in solvent (usually a liquid) and form a solution) is…

quantitative

Mass is…

quantitative

Boiling point is…

quantitative

Colour is…

qualitative

Hardness is…

qualitative

Luster (how a mineral's surface reflects light) is…

qualitative