Thinking, Language, & Intelligence

A set of flashcards focusing on key concepts of thinking, language, and intelligence.

Heuristics

Mental shortcuts for decision-making.

Availability heuristic

Judging likelihood based on the ease of recall.

Representativeness heuristic

Judging based on similarity to a prototype.

Confirmation bias

Seeking information that confirms our beliefs.

Hindsight bias

The tendency to believe, after an event has happened, that one would have foreseen it.

Problem Solving Algorithms

Step-by-step procedures that guarantee a solution.

Functional fixedness

Difficulty in seeing new uses for familiar objects.

Mental set

Relying on old problem-solving strategies.

Framing

The way decisions are influenced by how information is presented.

Broca's area

Region of the brain responsible for speech production.

Wernicke's area

Brain region involved in language comprehension.

Angular gyrus

Area of the brain associated with reading and writing.

Motor cortex

Part of the brain that controls speech articulation.

Spearman's g factor

A general intelligence factor that underlies specific mental abilities.

Thurstone's 7 mental abilities

Theory proposing multiple specific cognitive abilities rather than a single intelligence.

Gardner's multiple intelligences

Theory that proposes different kinds of intelligences exist in individuals.

Sternberg's triarchic theory

Theory that intelligence is composed of analytical, creative, and practical abilities.

Cattell's fluid vs. crystallized intelligence

Fluid intelligence is the ability to solve new problems, while crystallized intelligence is the knowledge and skills gained from experience.

Goleman's emotional intelligence

The ability to recognize, understand, and manage our own emotions and the emotions of others.

Old IQ formula

MA ÷ CA × 100, where MA is mental age and CA is chronological age.

Modern IQ

Deviation IQ, with a mean score of 100.

Flynn Effect

The observed rise in IQ scores over generations.

IQ tests

Tests designed to measure reasoning and cognitive ability.