Change & continuity: hierarchy & poverty
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32 Terms
English society remained under…
aristocratic dominion
distribution of church wealth & land only reinforced…
the positions of nobility & gentry
Other layers of society (aside from nobility & gentry)…
differed little from what they had been under H8
The number of nobles/peers…
remained consistent
what evidence is there that the number of nobles remained consistent?
51 in 1547 & 55 in 1603
the nobility continued to hold…
10% of land available for cultivation
Poorer sectors of the population were still vulnerable to…
enclosure & to the consistent decline in real wages
how did the role of the nobility change under Elizabeth
society became more peaceful & instead of having a functioning defensive/military presence in the counties, they were more a symbolic presence
There were few hereditary peers & after 1572…
Elizabeth did not create any more dukes
Elizabeth’s policy was to limit…
the number of new creations & rely on the old families
The gentry class… under Elizabeth
increased in size
the proportion of gentry who were seriously wealthy...
rose
The number of gentlemen…
increased in line with the population
The leading gentry had the status of …
knights
the number of knights…
increased during the Tudor period from 300 to 600
There was social mobility but…
it was limited & it became less easy to advance through education
Women were very…
limited in scope for advancement
for men the main routes of social advancement were through…
land ownership or gaining a position of status
The gap between the…
rich & poor widened
there were the beginnings of…
consumer society amongst the more prosperous members of the mercantile & professional classes
Landed incomes…
increased after 1570
Tensions arose from the…
rising population & the redistribution of land following the dissolution of monasteries
The treatment of the undeserving poor…
remained harsh
A ….Act added branding to the range of punishments made available in a 1547 Act).
1572
A 1572 Act added… to the range of punishments made available in a 1547 Act
branding
Economic pressures in the 16th century led to…
a fall in living standards for poorer society
The surplus of available labour led to…
wages not keeping in pace with inflation & growth of population placed pressure on food supplies
The number of wage labourers…
increased as more opportunities arose in local industries & in trade
The later years of Elizabeth’s reign saw…
further measures to relieve poverty
what gov measures were passed 1572?
Act of parliament made a distinction between those who were genuinely unemployed & the ‘idle poor’
Poor Relief Act made donations to local authorities compulsory to provide for the ‘deserving poor’
what gov measures were passed 1597?
Poor Law Act confirmed the compulsory poor rate & required the setting up of pauper apprenticeships to train boys until 24 and girls until 21
what gov measures were passed 1601?
Poor Law Act where the parish became designated as the institution required to raise the rates for & to administer poor relief