Neuro Lecture 3: Vascular Supply

The brain is what percent of body weight but requires what percent of blood?

2% of body weight

Requires 20% of blood

Anterior circulation, including rostral cerebral regions, is the responsibility of what arteries?

Internal Carotid arteries (ICA)

Posterior circulation, including caudal cerebral regions, the brainstem, and cerebellum, is the responsibility of what arteries?

Vertebral arteries

The internal carotid artery and vertebral arteries anastomose where?

The Circle of Willis

The common carotid branches into what 2 other carotids?

External and internal

The ICA enters the skull via what canal and branches into what 3 structures?

Via the carotid canal

Branching into:

1. Ophthalmic

2. Anterior choroidal

3. Posterior communicating

The internal carotid terminates into two major arteries and what do they control in the cerebrum?

Anterior cerebral (ACA): controls dorsal and medial portions of cerebrum

*near cingulate gyrus + corpus callosum

Middle cerebral (MCA): controls lateral aspects of cerebrum, lateral parts of subcortical structures

*temporal lobe

The anterior cerebral arteries (ACA) are connected by a small artery known as what and it will supply part of what?

Connected by anterior communicating artery

Supplies part of hypothalamus

The ACA travels along the longitudinal fissure giving off branches to what 3 areas?

1. Dorsal medial aspect of frontal lobes

2. Dorsal medial aspect of parietal lobe

3. Rostal midline subcortical structures

The middle cerebral artery (MCA) has 2 kinds of branches what are they?

No supply to which lobe?

Superficial (cortical) branches)

Deep (lenticulostriate) branches

• No supply to occipital lobe

The vertebral arteries supply what 4 structures?

1. All of the brainstem

2. All of the occipital lobe

3. Ventral portion of the temporal lobe

4. Caudal parts of subcortical structures

The paired vertebral arteries give rise to what 3 other structures?

1. 2 posterior spinal arteries (PSpA)

2. 1 anterior spinal artery (ASpA)

3. Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
   

The 2 vertebral arteries fuse to form what artery?

Basilar artery

The basilar artery gives rise to what 3 other structures?

Anterior inferior cerebellar (AICA) - caudal pons

Numerous unnamed pontine arteries

Superior cerebellar (SCA) - caudal midbrain, rostral pons

Most rostrally, the basilar artery splits to form paired arteries known as what?

Posterior cerebral arteries (PCA)

The basilar artery terminates as what paired arteries?

Posterior cerebral arteries

These arteries join in the Circle of Willis

They are in the occipital lobe

The ventral-medial aspect of the temporal lobe

Posterior part of the parietal lobe

Most of the thalamus

Posterior portions of the hypothalamus

Posterior Cerebral Arteries

What artery is this?

Hint: Mainly occipital lobe

Posterior cerebral artery

This is the anastomosis of anterior and posterior circulation

Circle of Willis

What are the 4 components of the Circle of Willis?

1. Post communicating artery of ICA

2. ACA and the anterior communicating cerebral artery

3. Small portions of the MCA and ICA

4. Posterior cerebral arteries

These disorders are the #1 cause of neurological impairments and 3rd cause of death in the world

Cerebrovascular Disorders

This is another name for a cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

Stroke

What 2 things happen during a stroke and what do they mean?

Ischemia (decreased blood supply)

Infarct (tissue death)

As you age what is a common cerebrovascular disorder?

Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIA) - brief decrease in bloodflow

What are 3 common causes of strokes?

Arterial blockage

Hemorrhage

Congenital vessel malformation

*AHC

This is the selectively permeable barrier between intravascular and extracellular compartments

Blood Brain Barrier (BBB)

The BBB is created by unique properties of what cells in the capillaries of the CNS

Endothelial cells

Look at pictures on slides with different structures labeled

DO IT