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Federalism
A system of government where two distinct governments control the same geographic space.
Enumerated Powers
Powers specifically listed in the Constitution as belonging to the federal government.
Implied Powers
Powers not specifically stated in the Constitution but are considered necessary to implement enumerated powers.
Delegated Powers
Powers expressly given to the states by the Constitution.
Reserved Powers
Powers not given to the federal government nor prohibited to the states, and are thus reserved for the states under the 10th Amendment.
Concurrent Powers
Powers that are shared by both the federal and state governments.
Necessary and Proper Clause
A clause in the Constitution that grants Congress the power to pass laws necessary for carrying out its enumerated powers.
Categorical Grant
A type of federal grant with specific conditions attached that states must comply with to receive funding.
Block Grant
A type of federal grant that provides funding with fewer restrictions, allowing states more discretion in how to use it.
Cooperative Federalism
A system of federalism where state and federal governments work together to solve problems.
Preemption
The principle that allows federal law to take precedence over state law when they conflict.
Supremacy Clause
A clause in Article VI of the Constitution stating that federal law takes precedence over state law.
Marble Cake Federalism
A metaphor for federalism where the layers of government are mixed together rather than distinctly separated.
