module 9 : middle adulthood

developmental task in middle adulthood

challenges facing midlife adult includes ( lachman)

losing parents and experience grief '

lunching children into their own lives

adjusting to home life without children

dealing with adult children who return to live at home

becoming grandparents

preparing for late adulthood

‘acting a caregivers for aging parents or spouses

these challenges can represent a fundamental reorientation of outlook, investment, attuites and personal relationships and may be affected by circumstance outside our control

sarcopenia

likely results from legs muscles becoming progressively detached from the central nervous system ; exercise encourage new nerve growth

osteosarcopenia

the decline of both muscle tissues ( sarcopenia ) and bone tissue ( osteoporosis )

osteoporosis

the deterioration of bine mass, impacts both men and women and increases the risk of fractures, particularly in the hip, spine, and wrist.

rheumatoid arthritis

autoimmune diseases, often begin in the 50’s affecting more women than men

chronic inflammation

often increases in midlife though an exact cause is unknown though social isolation is a probable contributing factor

presbyopia

is when the lens of the eye gets larger but the eye loses flexibility to adject to visual stimuli

climacteric

men may experience a reduction in their ability to reproduce and women lose their ability to reproduce once they reach menopause

menopause

refers to a period of transition in which a women ovaries stop releasing eggs and the level estrogen and progesterone production decreases

andropause

a decreased in libido and lower testosterones level s

the Seattle longitudinal study

began in 1956 and find that cognitive abilities decrease beginning in the sixth decade and gain increasing significance from that point over time, with some abilities peaking in middle adulthood.

the midlife in the United States Studies

began in 1994 and has supported a view that midlife is something of a trade-off with some cognitive and physical decrease of varying degrees - cognitive mechanic of processing speed, physiological lung capacity, and muscle mass , are also in relative decline but can be compensated for

fluid intelligence

refer to information processing abilities, such as logical reasoning, remembering lists, spatial ability, and reaction time

crystallized intelligence

encompasses abilities that draw upon experiences and knowledge, measures of crystallized intelligence include vocabulary text, solving number problems and understanding texts

tacit knowledge ( Michael Polanyi)

he argued that each individual had a huge store of knowledge based on life experience, but that it was often difficult to describe, codify, and thus transfer, as stated in his famous formulation , “ we always know more than we can tell”

Generativity

is focuses an established and guiding the next generationthrough parenting, teaching, and mentorship.

stagnation

possible when the demands of family, work, and relationships recede and drawn down, resulting in lethargy and ;lack of enthusiasm and involvement

generativity vs. stagnation ( Erikson)

a movement away from individual self- development towards ‘belief in the species’

stage crisis

view argued that each stage overlaps and consists of a stable phase and a transitional phase into the following period

morality salience

time is a valuable commodity requiring careful consideration and investment

Socioemotional selectivity theory ( SST)

maintains that as time time horizons shrinks, people become increasingly selective with their time and invest greater resources in emotionally meaningful goals and activates

selection, optimizaton , Compensation ( SOC)

argue that across the life span, people face various opportunities or challenge and may select particular goals or experience or experience imposing circumstances

• the shifting or modification of goals based on choice or circumstance with the result of focusing goal and efforts towards a specific purpose and be beneficial of healthy aging

the “big five”

extroversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness , and openness to new experience ( OCEAN)

Plaster hypothesis

reflects the belief that most of us have our character set like plaster but the age of 30

four key motivation on older adults continuing to work

• growth or development motivation and looking for new challenges

• feeling or recognition and power ‘feelings of power and security from income and possibility health benefits '

• Erikson’’s generativity

Leader generativity

the desire to pass on skills and experience ( mentoring)

Hedonic set-point

as a marriage progresses, there evidence for a regression a set happiness point or level

marriage killer

contempt , criticism, defensiveness and stonewalling

empty nest

when parents experience sadness when then adult children leave the home

boomerang generation

when younger adults return home to live with their parents while they strive for stability in their lives

sandwich generation

• middle -aged parents are also spending time taking care of their own aging and aligning parents while caring for adult children

kin keeping

organizing events and communication in order to maintain family ties

Physical abuse

the use of intentional physical force to cause harm

sexual abuse

the act of forcing someone to participate in a sex act against their will

psychological abuse

aggressive behavior intended to control someone else

the risk of divorce decreases when —

partners have a higher-level of education , marry at an older age , have parents who remained married, and are members of a religious group less accepting of divorce

the risk of divorce increase when —-

people have children before marriage, cohabitate and live in a society accepting of divorce