Unit 3 ~ chemical systems and equilibrium

Dynamic equilibrium

it’s when the forward and reverse reactions happen equally fast, keeping the amounts of reactants and products constant.

what happens when system is at EQ

all macroscopic properties are constant

EQ law

at the EQ the ratio of concentration of products and reactants is constant

what does EQ constant depend on

temperature

Homogenous equilibria

All reactants and products in the same state

Heterogeneous equilibrium

Reactants and products in at least two different states

What is never included in EQ

Solids and pure liquids

What is always included in EQ

Gases and aqueous solutions

Le Chatellier principle

Can you stress applied to a system and equilibrium? The reaction was shift to relieve that stress

Reaction Quotient

Identical to equilibrium law, but using concentration not equilibrium

Amphotheric substances

Acts as an asset or based depending on reaction

Polyprotic substances

Can donate or accept more than one proton per molecule

Autoionization of water

Equilibrium processes that Occur spontaneously in water

Polyprotic acid

Have more than one ionizable hydrogen

Neutral salt

Will not hydrolyze with water

Acidic salt

Have ions that were hydrolyzed to produce H30

Basic salt

Have ions that will hydrolyzed to produce OH

Buffer systems

Aqueous solutions that resist change in pH with addition of acid or base

Buffer regions

Regions on pH graph that show titration where pH changes very little