georgia studies milestones review

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61 Terms

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Fall Line

Natural boundary between Piedmont and Coastal Plain.

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Okefenokee Swamp

Largest swamp in North America; located in southeast Georgia.

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Chattahoochee River

Major river forming Georgia’s western border with Alabama.

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Savannah River

Forms Georgia’s eastern border with South Carolina.

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Barrier Islands

Islands that protect Georgia’s coast from erosion and storms.

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Appalachian Mountains

Mountain range in north Georgia; includes Blue Ridge.

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Paleo Culture

Oldest prehistoric group in Georgia; nomadic hunters of large animals.

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Archaic Culture

Developed tools, fishing, and early farming techniques.

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Woodland Culture

Built burial mounds and used the bow and arrow.

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Mississippian Culture

Most advanced prehistoric group; built chiefdoms and large mounds.

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James Oglethorpe

Founder of the Georgia colony in 1732.

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Tomochichi

Yamacraw chief who helped James Oglethorpe settle Georgia peacefully.

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Mary Musgrove

Interpreter between Oglethorpe and Tomochichi.

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Trustee Period

1732–1752; Georgia governed by trustees, no slavery or alcohol.

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Royal Colony

Georgia under direct control of the king after 1752; slavery allowed.

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Savannah

First city and capital of colonial Georgia.

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Charter of 1732

Legal document that established Georgia as a colony.

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French and Indian War

Conflict that led to British debt and colonial taxes.

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Proclamation of 1763

Forbade colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains.

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Loyalists

Colonists who remained loyal to Britain.

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Patriots

Colonists who wanted independence from Britain.

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Battle of Kettle Creek

Important Patriot victory in Georgia during the Revolutionary War.

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Siege of Savannah

Failed attempt by Patriots and French to take back Savannah.

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Declaration of Independence

1776 document declaring colonies’ independence from Britain.

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Articles of Confederation

First U.S. government; too weak to be effective.

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U.S. Constitution

Established a strong federal government; ratified by Georgia.

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Georgia Constitution of 1777

First state constitution for Georgia.

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Headright System

Land given to white male heads of households.

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Land Lottery

System of distributing land by random drawing.

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Yazoo Land Fraud

Corrupt land deal that led to public outrage.

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Railroads

Transportation system that boosted Georgia’s growth; Atlanta began as Terminus.

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Cotton Gin

Invention that increased cotton production and slavery.

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Dahlonega Gold Rush

1829 event that led to Cherokee removal.

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Creek Indians

Forced off Georgia land; McIntosh was executed for signing a treaty.

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Cherokee Indians

Tried to assimilate but were forcibly removed.

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Worcester v. Georgia

Supreme Court ruled Cherokee land was sovereign; ignored by Jackson.

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Andrew Jackson

U.S. President who enforced Indian removal.

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Trail of Tears

Forced migration of Cherokee to Oklahoma.

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States’ Rights

Belief that states should control their own laws, especially about slavery.

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Dred Scott Case

Supreme Court ruled that slaves were property, not citizens.

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Election of 1860

Lincoln’s win led to secession of Southern states.

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Battle of Chickamauga

Major Civil War battle in Georgia; Confederate victory.

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Sherman’s March to the Sea

Union campaign of total war through Georgia.

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Andersonville

Infamous Confederate prison in Georgia.

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Reconstruction

Period after Civil War to rebuild the South.

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Freedmen’s Bureau

Helped freed slaves with education, jobs, and housing.

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13th Amendment

Abolished slavery in the U.S.

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14th Amendment

Granted citizenship to anyone born in the U.S.

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15th Amendment

Gave African American men the right to vote.

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Sharecropping

Farming system where poor workers farmed land in exchange for a share of the crop.

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Bourbon Triumvirate

Three powerful GA politicians who supported white supremacy and business.

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Henry Grady

Journalist; promoted “New South.”

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International Cotton Exposition

Industrial fair to show GA’s recovery after the Civil War.

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Disenfranchisement

Ways to prevent Black citizens from voting (poll taxes, literacy tests, etc.).

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Plessy v. Ferguson

Supreme Court case that legalized segregation (“separate but equal”).

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Booker T. Washington

Believed African Americans should work hard and earn respect over time.

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W.E.B. Du Bois

Demanded immediate equality for African Americans.

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Alonzo Herndon

Former slave who became a successful businessman in Atlanta.

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1906 Atlanta Riot

Racial violence sparked by false accusations.

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Leo Frank Case

Jewish factory manager lynched after unfair trial.

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Boll Weevil

Insect