axonopathies

n-hexane sensory loss

'“stocking and glove” distribution

“stocking and glove” symptoms

tingling and cramps in the arms and legs, followed by general muscular weakness

severe cases of n-hexane

atrophy of the skeletal muscles is observed, along with a loss of coordination and vision problems

MOA of n-hexane

an interference with neuronal axoplasmic flow

TOCP

contaminant in Jamaican Ginger beer

TOCP inhibtion

inhibits neuropathic target esterase

NTE

a phospholipase thought to function in neurite outgrowth and elongation

result of inhibition of NTE and increase in PTC levels

impairment of secretory pathways in neurons

TOCP digestion of the axon through endogenous proteases

activated by increasing levels of intracellular free calcium

TOCP MOA

imbalance in calcium homeostasis

OPIDN

organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy

carbon disulfide

cross-linking of neurofilament proteins leading to axonal swelling

carbon disulfide vulnerability

longest and largest axons

result of carbon disulfide cross-linking

growing aggregate that is too large to pass through the narrow nodes of Ranvier

effect of carbon disulfide on mice

alterations in gait and inability to cling to a wire mesh

IDPN target

proximal axon

IDPN result

neurofilament accumulations

reason for IDPN accumulation

defect in slow axonal transport- aberrant phosphorylation of neurofilaments

IDPN used to study

Lou Gehrig’s Disease