SPECIAL SENSES - TASTE AND SMELL

Senses that complement each other and respond to many of the same stimuli

Taste and Smell

Receptors that are used by chemical senses

Chemoreceptors

Chemical senses are the sense of?

Taste and Smell

Sense that has four types of receptors

Taste

Sense that can differentiate a large range of chemicals

Smell

The sense of smell is also called

Olfaction

Found at the roof of Nasal Cavity

Olfactory Receptors

Chemicals must be dissolved in

Mucus for detection

Neurons with long cilia

Olfactory Nerve

Impulses in olfaction are transmitted via

Olfactory nerve

Interpretation of smell is made in the

Cortex (olfactory area of temporal lobe)

In sense of taste, what houses the receptor organs?

Taste Buds

Location of Taste Buds

● Most are on the tongue

● Soft palate

● Cheeks

tounge is covered with proections called

papillae

Sharp with no taste buds

Filiform papillae

Rounded with taste buds

Fungiform Papillae

Large Papillae with taste buds

Circumvallate Papillae

Taste buds are found on

sides of papillae

What cells are the receptors for the structure of taste buds?

Gustatory Cells

Gustatory cells have?

Gustatory hairs (long microvilli)

Gustatory hairs are stimulated by

Chemicals dissolved in Saliva

Impulses in taste buds are carried to

Gustatory complex (parietal lobe)

Cranial nerves involved in carrying impulses

● Facial nerve

● Glossopharyngeal nerve

● Vagus nerve

Taste Sensations

● Sweet receptors

● Sour receptors

● Bitter receptors

● Salty receptors

● Umami receptors

Sweet Receptors Detects

• Sugar

• Saccharide

• Some amino acids

Sour receptors detects

acids

Bitter receptors detects

alkaloids

Salty receptors detects

Metal ions

umami receptors detects

● Glutamate

● Aspartate

● MSG

● Meats

When are special senses formed?

Formed early in embryonic development

Organ that is considered as outgrowths of the brain

Eyes

Senses that are functional at birth

All special Senses