President and vice president

Which part of the Constitution talks about "The Union" (संघ) and how many chapters does it have?**

Part Five of the Constitution talks about The Union (संघ). It is divided into five chapters.

Which articles cover the Union Executive and who are its main components?**

The Union Executive is covered under Articles 52 to 78. It includes the President, Vice President, Prime Minister and his Council of Ministers, and the Attorney General.

What does Article 52 state regarding the President?**

Article 52 states that there shall be a President of India.

What powers are vested in the President according to Article 53?**

Article 53 states that the Executive Power of the Union shall be vested in the President, and the President will also be the Supreme Commander of all Defense Forces.

Which article deals with the Election of the President and defines the Electoral College?**

Article 54 deals with the Election of the President and specifies the Electoral College.

Who participates in the President's Electoral College as per Article 54?**

All elected MPs and MLAs (Members of Parliament and Members of Legislative Assemblies) participate. Nominated members do not.

How is the President's election conducted according to Article 55?**

The President's election is an indirect election, based on proportional representation and single transferable vote by secret ballot. It requires 50 proposers and 50 seconders.

What is the term of office for the President, and to whom can they resign, as per Article 56?**

The President's term of office is five years. They can resign by addressing the Vice President.

Does Article 57 allow for re-election of the President in India, and if so, how many times?**

Yes, Article 57 states that in India, a person is eligible for re-election for any number of times, unlike the USA.

What are the qualifications for election as President under Article 58?**

According to Article 58, a person must be a citizen of India, at least 35 years old, qualified to be a member of the Lok Sabha, and not hold any office of profit.

Who administers the oath or affirmation to the President according to Article 60?**

Article 60 states that the Chief Justice of India (CJI) administers the oath, or in their absence, the senior-most judge of the Supreme Court.

What is the ground for the President's impeachment as per Article 61?**

The sole ground for the President's impeachment (removal) is "violation of the Constitution".

Which country's constitution was the impeachment process for the President borrowed from, as mentioned in Article 61?**

The impeachment process is borrowed from the Constitution of USA.

What does Article 62 state about filling a vacancy in the President's office due to death, resignation, removal, or completion of term?**

Article 62 addresses the election to fill a vacancy in the office of President, ensuring the office does not remain vacant and that elections are held within six months for premature vacancies.

What power does Article 72 grant to the President?**

Article 72 grants the Pardoning Power of President (क्षमा शक्ति).

What are the two key differences between the President's pardoning power (Article 72) and a Governor's pardoning power (Article 161)?**

A Governor cannot pardon death sentences and cannot pardon sentences of any court-martial, unlike the President.

Which article establishes the office of the Vice President of India?**

Article 63 states that there shall be a Vice President of India.

What is the ex-officio role of the Vice President according to Article 64?**

Article 64 declares that the Vice President shall be ex-officio Chairman of the Council of States (Rajya Sabha).

What are the circumstances under which the Vice President acts as President, as per Article 65?**

Article 65 specifies that the Vice President is to act as President or discharge presidential functions during a casual vacancy in the office or during the absence of the President.

Who participates in the election of the Vice President according to Article 66?**

All Members of Parliament (both elected and nominated) participate in the election of the Vice President.

What are the qualifications for election as Vice President, as outlined in Article 66?**

Qualifications include being a citizen of India, at least 35 years old, and qualified to be a member of the Rajya Sabha. They should also not hold any office of profit.

What is the term of office for the Vice President, and where can their removal resolution originate, according to Article 67?**

The Vice President's term of office is five years. The resolution for their removal can only originate in the Rajya Sabha.

Who administers the oath or affirmation to the Vice President according to Article 69?**

Article 69 states that the President administers the oath or affirmation to the Vice President.

What does Article 71 state about disputes regarding the election of the President and Vice President?**

Article 71 states that **only the Supreme Court has the exclusive jurisdiction to evaluate and deal with disputes regarding the election of the President and Vice Pres