Unit 2 Vocabulary

Agricultural Density

farmers per unit of arable land

Physiological Density

people per unit of arable land

Arithmetic Density

people per unit of land

Pro-natalist

encourages the population to have more babies

Anti-natalist

discourages the population to have more babies

Asylum Seeker

someone who is seeking international protection as a refugee but claim for refugee status hasn’t been determined

Brain Drain

the massive emigration of talented professionals leaving their home country for better opportunities

Carrying Capacity

the maximum population size an environment can hold

Chain Migration

People move to a location because other from their community have previously migrated there

Circulation

temporary, repetitive movements that recur on a regular basis

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

the number of births in a given year per 1,000 people in a given population

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

the number of deaths in a given year per 1,000 people in a given population

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

the number of deaths of children under the age of 1 per 1,000 live births

Demographic Transition Model

Demographics

data about the structures and characteristics of human populations

Dependency Ratio

 The number of people under the age of 15 and over 65 who depend on the working population

Doubling Time

the numebr of years in which a population growing at a certain rate would double

Emigration

movement away from a location

Forced Migration

people are compelled to move by economic, political, environmental, or cultural factors

Friction of Distance

the longer a journey is, the more time, effort, and cost it will involve

Gravity Model

Bigger the city = more opportunities = more people move in

smaller the city = less opportunities = less people move in

Guest Worker

Migrants who travel to a new country as temporary laborers

Immigration

movement to a location

Internal Migration

movement within a country's borders

Internally Displaced Person (IDP)

people who have been forced to flee their homes by conflict, violence, persecution or disasters

REMAIN in countries boarders

Interregional Migration

movement from one region of the country to another

Intervening Obstacles

obstacles put in place that could prevent migration such as needing to have a visa/passport

Intervening Opportunities

something that causes migrants to pause their journey by choice

Life Expectancy

the average number of years a person is expected to live

Malthusian Theory

World Population is growing FASTER than world food supply

Population is exponential

Food Supply is linear/limited

Neo-Malthusian

Scholars today still support Malthus’s overall

BUT instead of food, they are comparing it to other resources, such as energy resources

Migration

the permanent movement of people from one place to another

Mobility

all types of movement from one location to another, whether permanent or temporary

Net Migration

the difference between the number of emigrants and immigrants in a location, such as a city or a country

Overpopulation

population growth outstrips the resources need to support life

Population Distribution

where people live in a geographic area

Population Pyramid

A pyramid showing the sex and age composition of a community

Pull Factors

a positive cause that attracts someone to a new location

Push Factors

a negative cause that compels someone to leave a location

Quota Laws

laws that limit the number of immigrants allowed into the country each year

Rate of Natural Increase (RNI)

rate at which a population grows

Ravenstein's Migration Laws

1. Most people move rural to urban

2. every migration flow has a counter-migration

3. most international migrants move to the big city

4. families are less likely to move

5. most people move a short distance because of distance-decay.

Refugee

a person who is forced to leave his or her coutnry for fear of persecution or death

Remittance

money earned by an emigrant abroad and sent back to his or her home country

Returnee

to return to one's home country after being displaced

Sex Retio

the proportion of males to females in a population

Step Migration

series of smaller moves to get to the ultimate destination

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

the average number of children one woman in a given country or region will have during her childbearing years

Transhumance

the seasonal migration from the highlands to the lowland pastures

Transnational Migration

immigrants to a new country retain strong cultural, emotional, and financial ties to their country of origin and may regularly return for visits

Voluntary Migration

people make a choice to move to a new place