Lecture Notes Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards for reviewing lecture notes.

Qualitative Methods

Focus on words and meanings to understand thoughts, feelings, or experiences.

Quantitative Methods

Focus on numbers and statistics to measure and compare data.

Complete Participant

Researcher joins without revealing their role to observe natural behaviors.

Participant as Observer

Researcher joins the group and informs them they are studying them.

Observer as Participant

Researcher mainly observes, with only brief interaction.

Complete Observer

Researcher only observes wih no interaction.

Purposive Sampling

Choosing participants because they are important to the study.

Snowball Sampling

Asking participants to refer others, helpful for hard-to-reach groups.

Convenience Sampling

Studying whoever is easiest to access.

Theoretical Sampling

Choosing new participants based on what the research reveals.

Intensive Interview

In depth study with one person.

Focus Group

Broad study with a group interaction.

Secondary Data Analysis

Using existing data collected by someone else.

Cross-National

Compares the data across countries.

Historical

Compares data across time periods.

Case-Oriented

Compares a few detailed cases.

Variable-Oriented

Compares specific variables across many cases.

Content Analysis

Studying texts, media, or speech.

Social-Network Analysis

Studying how people or groups are connected.

GIS Mapping

Using maps to show where crimes happen.

Hot Spot Policing

Focusing police efforts on areas with a lot of crime.

Big Data in Policing

Using large amounts of data to predict and solve crimes.

Evaluation Research

Evaluating programs or policies to see if they are working.

Ethical

Are the research methods fair and respectful of participants?

Validity

Is the research measuring what it's supposed to?

Reliability

Can the results be repeated and trusted?

Inputs

The resources needed for the program.

Program Process

The activities that make up the program.

Outputs

What the program produces.

Outcomes

The results of the program.

Feedback

Information from participants or staff to improve the program.

Stakeholders

People or groups who care about the program.

Needs Assessment

Find out what the community or group needs.

Evaluability Assessment

Check if the program can be evaluated based on its goals and data.

Process Evaluation

Check if the program is being implemented as planned.

Outcome Evaluation

Assess if the program is achieving its goals.

Efficiency Evaluation

Determine if the program is cost-effective.