Chemical Properties of Monosaccharides

These flashcards cover the key concepts and vocabulary related to the chemical properties of monosaccharides discussed in lecture packet 12.

Sugar Alcohol

A derivative of a monosaccharide used as a sweetener in foods.

Hydrogenation

A chemical reaction that involves the addition of hydrogen gas to double bonds.

D-sorbitol

A sugar alcohol formed from the hydrogenation of D-glucose.

Aldehyde Group

A functional group consisting of a carbonyl and a hydrogen atom, present in D-glucose.

Primary Alcohol

The product formed when the aldehyde group is converted into a primary alcohol during hydrogenation.

Caloric Intake

The amount of energy consumed; sugar alcohols have very little due to poor absorption.

Cyclic Structures

The form in which monosaccharides are typically found in solution, such as pyranoses and furanoses.

Pyranose

A six-membered ring monosaccharide containing an oxygen atom.

Anomeric Carbon

The carbon in a carbohydrate that determines the alpha or beta configuration.

Alpha Anomer

A configuration in which the hydroxy group on the anomeric carbon is pointing down in a cyclic structure.

Beta Anomer

A configuration in which the hydroxy group on the anomeric carbon is pointing up in a cyclic structure.

Furanose

A five-membered ring monosaccharide containing an oxygen atom.

D-fructose

A ketose sugar that can form a furanose structure.

Haworth Projection Formula

A method of representing cyclic carbohydrate structures.

D-mannose

An aldose that can exist in cyclic form, classified as a pyranose.