Unit #2 AP Human Geography

development

the process of improving the material conditions / quality of life of people through the diffusion of knowledge and technology

Wallerstein’s World Systems Theory

an interdependent system that categorizes countries by their economic roles, stating that every country gives and receives to and from each other and each has its place in the system. The categories are Core, Semi Periphery and Periphery

Core/HDC

wealthiest, politically dominant, jobs in tertiary sector-law, tech, services

exp : United States, Japan, UK, Germany

Periphery/LDC - least developed, provide other countries with labor & raw materials, typically former colonies, jobs: primary sector-agriculture, mining fishing

exp : Afghanistan, Zimbabwe, Peru

Semi Periphery/MDC - middle income countries that receive raw materials from periphery and make stuff out of it to sell to core, mix of two type, dominates secondary sector jobs, exploits the periphery and is exploited by core

exp : India, Mexico, China,, Brazil, Russia and South Africa

Brandt Line - developed in 1980s, an invisible boundary that divides the world into the "rich north" and "poor south", racist because white Europeans in the north mostly, too outdated and simplistic

Human Development Index (HDI) - a composite score made by the United Nations to measure a country's level of development by combining things like education, life expectancy and income, the score ranges from 0-1 and no country is at 1, the higher the number the more developed the country is

Gross (total) Domestic Product (GDP) - measures the total value of all the goods and services produced within a country during a single year, even if a foreign country has an automotive shop operating within the United States it contributes to the united states' GDP

Gross National Product (GNP) - measures total value of officially recorded goods and services produced by a country's citizens and companies within a year (regardless of geographic location),

exp: profits from a United States owned factory operating in Mexico contributes to the United States' GNP because its based on nationality not location

Gross National Income (GNI) - the total value of a country's citizens, businesses and permanent residents regardless of their location (so it accounts for those who are overseas or working abroad)

Gini Coefficient/index - a statistical measure of income inequality within a specific country's population. The scale ranges from 0-1 with 0 meaning everyone earns the same income and 1 being one person earns the whole country's income (lower percent = less inequality and more frequent in core countries and higher percent = more inequality among incomes)

Gender Inequality Index (GII) - a composite measure created by United Nations that evaluates a country's loss of potential human development due to gender inequality between men and women. It measures gender inequalities through reproductive health (how often the kid survives, how often the mom survives), empowerment (the share of seats in Parliament held by each gender) and labor market (labor force participation rates for both women and men)