2.3 Non-Glucose Alternatives

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how do cells utilize non glucose alternatives

they have enzymes that convert these macromolecules into metabolic precursors that feed into existing pathways

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Protein Catabolism

Provide Energy, Nitrogen and Sulfur

  • enzymes called proteases break apart proteins into amino acids

  • deamination - removal of amino group

  • carbon backbone goes into Krebs cycle

  • can become nitrogenous waste called ammonia

<p>Provide Energy, Nitrogen and Sulfur </p><ul><li><p>enzymes called proteases break apart proteins into amino acids </p></li><li><p>deamination - removal of amino group </p></li><li><p>carbon backbone goes into Krebs cycle </p></li><li><p>can become nitrogenous waste called ammonia </p></li></ul><p></p>
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Lipid Catabolism

produces substrates, activated carriers and ATP

  • enzymes called lipases detach glycerol from the fatty acids

  • glycerol is converted into DHAP, which can be used as a substrate for glycolysis

  • fatty acids catabolized and joined with coenzyme A to form acetyl coA to enter Krebs cycle

  • fatty acid oxidation also creates NADH and FADH2 for the ETC

<p>produces substrates, activated carriers and ATP </p><ul><li><p>enzymes called lipases detach glycerol from the fatty acids </p></li><li><p>glycerol is converted into DHAP, which can be used as a substrate for glycolysis </p></li><li><p>fatty acids catabolized and joined with coenzyme A to form acetyl coA to enter Krebs cycle </p></li><li><p>fatty acid oxidation also creates NADH and FADH2 for the ETC</p></li></ul><p></p>
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metabolic pathways diagram

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polysaccharides

Polysaccharides are typically molecules that are too large to be transported directly across the plasma membrane. Instead, microbes must secrete enzymes capable of degrading the polymer into smaller, more manageable subunits. Direct contact is often required by the microorganism to ensure maximal absorption.