Antimicrobial drugs

Synthetic Drugs

chemical substances produced artificially in a laboratory

Isoniazid

inhibits mycolic acid synthesis. Effective against mycobacterium tuberculosis

Ethambutol

Inhibits mycolic acids

Sulfanilamide

Inhibits folic acid synthesis. PABA is the enzyme that produces folic acid. Sulfanilamide is a competitive inhibitor for PABA.

Fluroquinolones

inhibits DNA synthesis. Used to treat Typhoid fever.

Penicillin

Antibiotic - Made from a mold called Penicillium notatum - inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis

Bacitracin

Antibiotic - Bacillus - Inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis, used for topical applications.

Polymyxin

Antibiotic - Bacillus - Damages plasma membrane, used as a topical treatments

Rifampin

Antibiotic - Streptomyces (Bacteria) - Inhibits RNA synthesis, treats TB

Amphotericin B

Antifungal Drug - Made by Streptomyces (Produced by Bacteria) - Damages plasma membrane - systemic mycosis - Histoplasmosis

Nystatin

Antifungal Drug - Streptomyces (Produced by Bacteria) - Damages membrane - Treats Candida infections.

Acyclovir

Antiviral Drug - Inhibits the synthesis of viral DNA - effective against herpes virus.

Zidovudine (AZT)

Antiviral drug - Inactivates the reverse transcriptase - can cause anemia in some cases. Used to treat HIV infection.

Chloroquine

Antiprotozoan drug - Treats Malaria

Metronidazole

Antiprotozoan drug - Inhibits metabolism in an anaerobic environment. Treats Giardiasis and Amoebic dysentery.

Niclosomide

Antihelminthic drugs - Inhibits ATP synthesis in mitochondria - Treats tapeworm infection

Praziquantel

Antihelminthic drug - Damages plasma membrane - Treats fluke infestations.

Mebendazole

Antihelminthic drugs - Inhibits microtubule formation - roundworm infestations.

How can a bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics through mutations?

Mutations can result in the overproduction of the enzyme that is being inactivated by the drug