bio test unit 3 (cells)

Cell Theory

All organisims are composed if cells

The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms

All cells come from preexisting cells

Prokaryotic cells

Bactiria don’t have a nuclues DNA is stored in Bacterial Chromosomes

Eukaryotic Cells

plant and animal cells

have diffrent regions so diffrent things happen in diffrent places

Componets of a Prokaryote cell (just look over)

Only in prokaryote: Nucleoid

In both Prokaryote and Eukaryote

DNA

Plasma membrane

cell wall-are not in animal cells

Ribosomes

Cytoplasm

Componets of Eukaryote (just look over)

Only in Eukaryote:

Nucleus

Golgi Appartous

Mitochondria

Lysosme

ER

In Both Prokaryote and Eukaryote:

DNA

Plasma membrane

cell wall-are not in animal cells

Ribosomes

Cytoplasm

What are the two types of Eukaryote cells

Plant cells and Animal cells

Componets of Plant cell (look over)

Only in Plant Cells:

Cell Wall

Central Vaculome

Chloroplast

In Both Plant and Animal Cells:

Nuclues

Ribosons

ER

Mitochondria

Golgi Apparatus

Plasama membrane

Cyotoskeleton

Componets of Animal cell (look over and compare to plant cell)

Only In Animal cells:

lysosomes

Centrosome with centrioles

In Both Animal and Plant Cells:

Nuclues

Ribosons

ER

Mitochondria

Golgi Apparatus

Plasama membrane

Cyotoskeleton

Nucleus

Large organelle that contains DNA.

Nuclear Membrane

This cell part controls what can move into and out of the nucleus.

Ribosomes

Small structures that use the instructions from the nucleus, written in mRNA, to build proteins.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Membrane bound network of tubes and flattened sacs has ribosomes attached and is involved in protein synthesis.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Membrane bound network of tubes and flattened sacs lacks ribosomes and its main role is to make lipids and phospholipids.

Lysosomes

A sac-like organelle contains enzymes that break down material, cell debris and worn out organelles.

Vacuoles

Large vesicles that act as a storage place and are especially large in plant cells.  

Mitochondria

Cellular respiration occurs in this organelle, where the chemical energy in glucose is converted to ATP.

Chloroplast

The site of photosynthesis where light energy is converted into chemical energy in sugar molecules.

Plasma membrane

The cell part that surrounds the cell and controls what can move in and out.

Cell Walls

This somewhat rigid structure, made of cellulose, surrounds plant cells providing protection and support. 

Cilia and Flagella (maybe need to know?)

Cell appendages that aid in the movement of cells.

What organells fit into the catagory of Genetic control of the cell

Nucleus, Nuclear membrane, and Ribosomes

What organells fit into the catagory Energy Processing

Mitochondria

Chloroplast

What does it mean that Membranes are selectivly permeable

It means that membranes allow certain substances to pass through while restricting others, thus controlling the movement of materials in and out of the cell.

explain how Phosopolipid bilayer is structured

the hydrophillic heads face the outside while the hydrophobic tail are on the inside meeting another set of hyrophobic tails with hydrophillic tails facing the outside

What are the diffrent formations of Phosopolipds in water and descriebe what they look like

Liposome, Micelle, Bilayer sheet

How can a membrane be fluid?

It moves, allowing particles to move around each other. 

Describe Movement of phospholipids

lipid bilayer is fulid interactions between tails are weak and always break

Movement of the lipids is lateral within layer

What is diffusion

Diffusion is the tendency of particles to spread out to fill up avaliable space- Equilibrium

How do Large polar and Charge soultes move across the membrane

  Large, polar, and charged  solutes move across the membrane through transport proteins

Examples: water, glucose, K+, Na+,

Active transport 

 Against  concentration gradient 

Active process (requires energy)

• Solutes pumped  against  their concentration gradient through transport proteins.

• Active process:  Energy required  in the form of ATP.

Active transport proteins function as pumps for specific solutes.

Osmosis:

facilitated diffusion of water  across a semipermeable membrane. Water moves from high free water concentration to low free water concentration

Osmosis is important for regulating the water balance of the cell

Exocytosis

(Out of cells)

Export of larger material, like proteins or carbohydrates, out of the cell.

Examples:

• Secretion of digestive enzymes to intestine

Secretion of insulin to the bloodstream

Endocytosis

(Into cells)

 Import of larger material, including “food,” virus, and bacteria, into the cell.

Examples:

• Phagocytosis of “food particles,” including fluid, large molecules, viruses, and bacteria.

Receptor mediated endocytosis of specific molecules like cholesterol.