Critical reasoning

암욜맨 그대여 다라닷닷 오늘도.

Appeal to Unqualified Authority

Arguer cites an untrustworthy authority that:

has motives to manipulate truth, biased, prejudice, lack expertise

Appeal to Ignorance

A fallacy that uses an opponent's inability to disprove a conclusion as proof of the conclusion's correctness.

Hasty Generalization

a fallacy in which a speaker jumps to a general conclusion on the basis of insufficient evidence

False Cause

Wrongly assumes a cause-and-effect relationship, or oversimplifies causal links

Slippery Slope

A fallacy that assumes that taking an innocent first step will lead to a chain of unlikely events

Weak Analogy

Conclusion depends on defective analogy

Validity

The quality of an argument in which the conclusion is guaranteed to be true if the premises are true.

Soundness

The quality of an argument that is valid and has true premises.

Truth

The quality of a statement or belief that corresponds to reality or "fits the facts."

Conditional Statement

An "if \___ then \___" or "\___ only if \___" statement.

Unsoundness

The quality of an argument that either is invalid or is valid but has at least one false premise.

Inductive Argument

An argument in which the premises support but do not guarantee the conclusion.

Deductive Argument

An argument that, when properly formed, guarantees the truth of the conclusion if the premises are true.

Premise

A statement in an argument that is meant to support the truth of another statement.

Conclusion

A statement in an argument that is meant to be supported by the other statement(s).

Invalidity

The quality of an argument whose conclusion could be false while the premises are true.

good argument

1. The premises are true
2. The conclusion follows from the premises

Accident

a general rule is applied to a specific case it was not intended to cover

Straw Man

arguer distorts an opponent's argument and then attacks the distorted argument

Missing the Point

arguer draws a conclusion different from the one supported by the premises

Red Herring

arguer leads the reader or listener off the track

Ad Hominem Tu Quoque

presenting the opponent as a hypocrite

Ad Hominem Circumstantial

presenting the opponent as predisposed to argue as her or she does

Ad Hominem Abusive

arguer personally attacks an opposing arguer by verbally abusing the opponent

Appeal to Force

Arguer threatens reader/listener

Appeal to Pity

This type of fallacy uses the audiences's sympathy, concern, or guilt in order to overwhelm their sense of logic

Appeal to people Bandwaon

argues one should follow the majority

Appeal to people vanity

argues because the given evidence/cited person is famous or admired

Appeal to people snobbery

argument baed on wealth, power, status, etc

Appeal to people tradition

argument based on past cultural rituals / repeated norms