Positive Psych Final (Chapters 13, 14, 15)

Primary preventions

lessens or eliminates physical or psychological problems before they appear

secondary preventions

lessens or eliminates problems after they have appeared

primary enhancements

establish optimal functioning and satisfaction

secondary enhancements

go further to build upon already optimal functioning and satisfaction and achieve peak experiences

universal prevention

when primary prevention is aimed at an entire population (ex: childhood immunization)

selective prevention

when primary prevention is focused on a particular at-risk group

primary prevention slogan

stop the bad before it happens

secondary prevention slogan

fix the problem

primary enhancement slogan

make life good

secondary enhancement slogan

make life the best possible

when is primary prevention not effective

when there is not sufficient political will

Suggestions for effective primary prevention

1. targeted population should know about they risky behavior that is going to be prevented

2. program should be attractive

3. program should teach problem-solving skills and how to resist regression

4. program should change any norms or social structures that reinforce opposite behavior

5. data should be gathered to evaluate accomplishments

Collins and Dozois- how to have effective prevention

1. inclusion of participants in treatment

2. approached that focus on interpersonal interactions

3. incorporation of cognitive-behavioral interventions

4. cultural competence

examples of secondary preventions

shelters and psychotherapy

the highest level of evidence supporting a particular treatment comes from

a randomized control trial

What did Wampold say is the biggest piece of the puzzle into whether psychotherapy is effective

the therapist (interpersonal skills, persuasion, reflectiveness, and optimism)

What is the underlying process common to all successful psychotherapy approaches

hope

Goal-focused positive psychotherapy

1. identification and enhancement of client strengths

2. the promotion of positive emotions

3. the formation of approach goals

4. engendering hope

Burque suggestions toward goal of equity in care

1. acknowledging and affirming the humanity of people of color

2. requiring providers to intentionally assess their own racial identity, racial biases, and racial prejudices

3. expecting service providers to act as agents of social change

hedonic primary enhancements

tap indulgence in pleasure and the satisfaction of appetites and needs

eudaemonic primary enhancements

emphasize effective functioning and happiness as a desirable result of the goal-pursuit process

happiness stems from

1. a safe and supportive living unit with people who work together

2. an environment that is fertile and productive of food

3. the stretching of our bodies through exercise

4. the pursuit of meaningful goals in one’s work

what type of primary enhacement activities are the best

those that are totally absorbing

mediation

a family of techniques which have in common a conscious attempt to focus attention in a non analytic way, and an attempt not to dwell on discursive, ruminating thought

qualities of meditation

nonjudging, acceptance, openness, nonstriving, patience, trust, and letting go

savoring

thoughts or actions that are aimed at appreciating and perhaps amplifying a positive experience of some sort

3 temporal forms of savoring

anticipation, being in the moment, reminiscing

what type of mentality do positive emotions help produce

a broaden and build (Fredrickson)

what is the one goal that does not qualify for primary enhancement

the pursuit of financial wealth

individuals who exercised reported

43.2% fewer days of poorer mental health than individuals who didn’t

schooling

the importance of the entire community in teaching children

positive schooling is an approach to education that consists of

a foundation of care, trust, and respect for diversity where teachers develop tailored goals for each student to engender learning and then work with them to develop the plans and motivation to reach their goals

who is considered the father of the concept of mental age

Alfred Binet

Components of positive schooling

1. DEI, care, and trust

2. a) motivation b) plans c) goals

3. Hope

4. Societal Contributions

developmental discipline

advocated for helping those students who have insecure attachments to caregivers

stretch goals

goals where the student seeks a slightly more difficult learning goal than attained previously

completing stretch goals has been shown to

increase willingness to take risks

motivation is the companion to

planning

when course information is relevant

students are more likely to attend class, pay attention, and make comments

students should understand they are part of

a larger societal scheme in which they share what they have learned with other people

teachers in positive schooling see their profession as

a calling rather than work

a calling

a strong motivation in which a person repeatedly takes a course of action which is intrinsically rewarding

who first made the statement that a healthy life is one in which a person has the ability to love and to work

sigmund freud

gainful employment

characterized by the nine variety in duties performed, safe working environment, income for the family and self, deriving purpose in providing a product or service, happiness and satisfaction, engagement and involvement, sense of performing well and meeting goals companionship and loyalty to coworkers and company, and respect and appreciation for diversity

Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy

the personal confidence in one’s capacity to handle career development and work-related goal activities

How can self-efficacy in the Latinx sphere be maintained

1. beating the stigma through resistance

2. aspirations and hope

3. a state of perpetual transition

4. confidence

engagement

the employee’s involvement with their work, whereas satisfaction is what we might call employee enthusiasm

engagement reflects circumstances in which employees

know what is expected of them, have what they need to do their work, have opportunities to feel something significant with coworkers whom they trust, and have chances to improve and develop

presenteeism

the employee may physically be at work, but because of either physical or mental issues that often result from averse and repetitive work, they are unproductive and unhappy

3 stages in the strengths-based approach to gainful employment

1. identification or talents

2. integration of the talents

3. actual behavioral change

what are the best predictors of success at work

happiness strengths

core dimensions of a positive organization

positive practice, relationship enhancement, individual attributes, dynamic leadership, and emotional well-being

basic tenets of positive psychology

strengths are all around you, withinyou, and can be shared or borrowed

moral reframing

the process of finding ways of connecting potentially threatening or challenging information to the underlying values of the recipient of the information

dialoguing

to present an idea, a view, an opinion, but not with the goal of convincing someone that we are right

etic vs emic

common to all people vs common to a particular cultural sphere