western civ chapter 3 notes

Formed to counter France's expansion under Louis XIV.

League of Augsburg

France vs. League; aim was to maintain balance of power in Europe.

Nine Years' War

(1702-1713) Triggered by Charles II of Spain dying without an heir.

War of Spanish Succession

(1713) Resulted in Spain, Portugal, Netherlands declining in power; Britain & France expanded colonial holdings.

Treaty of Utrecht

First czar of Russia; centralized power.

Ivan the Terrible

Period of instability in Russia until the Romanov dynasty took power.

Time of Troubles

Western modernization (military, navy, administration) and tax reform to fund army.

Peter the Great

(1722) Merit-based elite service established by Peter the Great.

Table of Ranks

Continued westernization and significantly expanded the Russian empire.

Catherine the Great

(1775-1783) Founded on Puritan religiosity and Enlightenment ideals.

American Revolution

Inspired political reform movements in France.

Enlightenment ideals

Heavy debt and taxation disputes with aristocracy led to the French Revolution.

Louis XVI

(1789) Included three estates: clergy, nobility, commoners.

Estates General

Bourgeoisie pledge that marked the start of the French Revolution.

Tennis Court Oath

On July 14, 1789, a significant event in the French Revolution.

Bastille stormed

(1789) Established free speech, press, religious tolerance, and due process.

Declaration of the Rights of Man & Citizen

Achieved on August 4, 1789, during the French Revolution.

Abolished feudalism

Peasant uprisings (San-Culottes) against aristocrats during the French Revolution.

Great Fear

(1791-1804) Led by Toussaint L'Ouverture; resulted in Haiti's independence.

Haitian Revolution

(1791) Austria & Prussia threatened intervention in France.

Declaration of Pillnitz

Radical bourgeoisie that dominated the new Assembly during the French Revolution.

Jacobins

(1792) Republican radicals advocating for popular sovereignty.

National Convention

A significant event during Jacobin rule in Revolutionary France.

Execution of Louis XVI

Implemented during the Jacobin rule in Revolutionary France.

Mass conscription

Russian modernization under Peter the Great and Catherine the Great.

1720s-1790s

American Revolution.

1775-1783

French Revolution milestones including Estates General, Bastille, Declaration of Rights, National Assembly, Radical Phase, Counterrevolution, National Convention.

1789-1799

Haitian Revolution, overlapping with France's radical phase.

1791-1804

No single nation should dominate the continent; when one grows too strong, others form alliances to counter it.

Balance of Power

Identify the nation that is becoming too strong.

Rising Power

Look for nations teaming up to stop the rising power.

Alliances

Check if the power was contained or if the geopolitical map changed.

Outcome

Notice how the balance of power shifts colonial holdings, trade, or influence.

Ripple Effect

France (Louis XIV) was contained; resulted in a stalemate.

Nine Years' War (1688-1697)

Treaty of Utrecht allowed Bourbon Spain but checked France.

War of Spanish Succession (1701-1714)

France and Spain were allied.

France + Spain (Bourbon alliance)

Britain & Prussia gained colonial dominance.

France & Austria

France (Napoleon) faced Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia.

Seven Years' War (1756-1763)

Restored balance of power in Europe.

Congress of Vienna

A series of conflicts involving Napoleon.

Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815)

Russia's expansion was halted by Britain, France, Ottoman Empire, and Sardinia.

Crimean War (1853-1856)

Independence from Britain; Bill of Rights in the American Revolution.

Liberty

Rights to freedom that the government must protect.

Natural Rights

Key aspect of the French Revolution's Declaration of Rights of Man.

Abolition of Feudal Privileges

All citizens equal before the law, as stated in the Declaration of Independence.

Equality

Transition to a republic in the context of the revolutions.

Constitutional Monarchy

Elected assemblies with checks and balances.

Representative Government

Rights inherent to all humans, including freedom of speech and religion.

Human Rights

Philosophers influenced colonial reformers, leading to revolutions that applied Enlightenment ideals.

Flow of Ideas