Unit 5-1: Solutions and Molarity

Flashcards covering vocabulary and key concepts from Unit 5-1 on solutions and molarity.

Solution

A homogeneous mixture where a substance seems to disappear when mixed with another.

Solute

The component of a solution that changes state or is present in a lesser amount.

Solvent

The component of a solution that retains its state or is present in a greater amount.

Like Dissolves Like

Polar solutes dissolve best in polar solvents, and nonpolar solutes dissolve best in nonpolar solvents.

Solubility Trend (Solids)

Solids tend to dissolve more when the solution is heated, stirred, or the solid is ground into small particles.

Solubility Trend (Gases)

Gases tend to dissolve more when the temperature of the solution is colder, and the pressure on the solution is high.

Dilute Solution

A solution that has less amount of solute than concentrated solutions per unit of volume.

Concentrated Solution

Solutions that have a greater amount of solute per unit of volume.

Concentration of a Solute

The relative amount of solute in the solution.

Molarity (M)

Moles of solute molecules per liter of solution; used to measure the concentration of a solute dissolved in the solution. Unit is mole/L, or M (molar)

Molarity Equation

M = moles of solute / liters of solution

Stock Solutions

Concentrated solutions that are stored and diluted to make solutions of lower concentrations.

Dilution Equation

M1V1 = M2V2 (moles solute in solution 1 = moles solute in solution 2)