Formation of Ions/Combination of Atoms

what are ions?

charged particles

what are ions formed from?

single or multiple atoms

how are ions formed?

when atoms lose or gain electrons to gain a full outer shell

why do ions form?

to become stable and have a full outer shell

what does the group number in the periodic table represent?

the amount of electrons in the outermost shell

what is required for atoms to form ions by gaining/losing electrons?

energy

why are atoms of group 1,2,6 and 7 elements more likely to form ions

to form ions, these groups only need to gain or lose 1 or 2 electrons, which requires less energy than the other groups

which groups has atoms with rare occurring ionisation?

3, 4, 5

Na

>

Cl + e

if the atom is becoming positive, on which side of the half equation do you place the electron

on the right

if the atom is becoming negative, on which side of the half equation do you place the electron

on the left to show that it's combining with the atom

what does the charge (positive/negative) depend on?

the atom's electronic structure

what are usually positive ions?

metals

how are positive ions formed?

from the loss of electrons from less than half full electron structures

what is the loss of electrons to make positive ions called?

ionisation

what are usually negative ions?

non metals

how are negative ions formed?

from the gain of elections in more than a half full electron structure

what is the gain of electrons to make positive ions called?

ionisation

what is another name for positive ions

cations

what is another name for negative ions

anions

the process of forming ions by losing or gaining electrons is known as...

ionisation

how do atoms combine with other atoms

atoms combine with other atoms through the movement of electrons

why do atoms combine to form ions?

in order to achieve a greater level of stability, which is reached when the atom obtains a full outer shell of electrons

what are the 3 types of bonding?

• Ionic bonding

• Covalent bonding

• Metallic bonding

when does ionic bonding take place

takes place when metals and non-metals react by transferring electrons

what are the atoms involved in ionic bonding

the atoms involved are oppositely charged particles (known as ions) in which electron transfer occurs

what forces are present in ionic bonding?

the opposite charges attract through electrostatic forces

describe covalent bonding

non-metal atoms share pairs of electrons between each other

when does metallic bonding occur?

• This type of bonding occurs in metals and metal alloys (mixtures of metals)

are intermolecular forces chemical bonds

no, they are about one tenth weaker