Structuralism MCQ
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35 Terms
Who is considered the first person to be referred to as a psychologist?
A) Edward Titchener
B) Wilhelm Wundt
C) Sigmund Freud
D) John Watson
B) Wilhelm Wundt
What research method did Wundt use to study consciousness?
A) Psychoanalysis
B) Behaviorism
C) Introspection
D) Cognitive Testing
C) Introspection
According to Wundt, why is the study of human consciousness feasible?
A) Because it is subjective
B) Because it is universal and observable
C) Because it relies on past experiences
D) Because it cannot be replicated
B) Because it is universal and observable
What school of thought did Wundt propose that emphasizes desires, choice, and purpose?
A) Structuralism
B) Voluntarism
C) Functionalism
D) Behaviorism
B) Voluntarism
What was Titchener's main goal for psychology?
A) To understand unconscious processes
B) To determine the what, how, and why of mental life
C) To develop behaviorist principles
D) To emphasize free will in psychology
B) To determine the what, how, and why of mental life
Titchener’s version of psychology is known as:
A) Functionalism
B) Structuralism
C) Behaviorism
D) Cognitive Psychology
B) Structuralism
What did Titchener consider to be a "stimulus error"?
A) Focusing on subjective feelings
B) Misinterpreting experimental results
C) Naming an object rather than describing its properties
D) Including past experiences in introspection
C) Naming an object rather than describing its properties
Which mental element did Titchener believe was missing from Wundt’s theory?
A) Sensations
B) Images
C) Affections
D) Tridimensional Feelings
C) Affections
What were the two basic types of mental experiences identified by Wundt?
A) Sensations and perceptions
B) Thoughts and emotions
C) Sensations and feelings
D) Cognition and memory
C) Sensations and feelings
Why did structuralism decline as a psychological approach?
A) It excluded the study of unconscious processes
B) It ignored important areas like personality and learning
C) It focused too much on abnormal behavior
D) It emphasized subjective experiences
B) It ignored important areas like personality and learning
Which of the following is NOT a reason structuralism was criticized?
A) Its exclusion of women from experiments
B) Its emphasis on unobservable processes
C) Its lack of interest in individual differences
D) Its focus on immediate consciousness
B) Its emphasis on unobservable processes
What concept was central to both Wundt’s and Titchener’s systems, ensuring psychology’s scientific credibility?
A) Free will
B) Introspection
C) Abnormal behavior studies
D) Social behavior analysis
B) Introspection
What is an example of “experimental introspection”?
A) Analyzing past memories
B) Measuring an immediate sensory experience like weight or color
C) Observing unconscious behaviors
D) Studying personality traits
B) Measuring an immediate sensory experience like weight or color
In Titchener’s “Context Theory of Meaning,” what is emphasized?
A) Isolated sensations
B) Associations and their contextual significance
C) Emotional responses to stimuli
D) Subjective experiences
B) Associations and their contextual significance
Which of the following is an example of applying structuralist methods in modern psychology?
A) Behavior therapy
B) Cognitive-behavioral analysis
C) Operational definitions in research
D) Psychoanalytic dream interpretation
C) Operational definitions in research
What was the conclusion of Wundt’s pendulum experiment?
A) Psychology should focus on philosophy
B) The experimental study of psychology is feasible
C) Free will plays a critical role in psychology
D) Human behavior cannot be studied objectively
B) The experimental study of psychology is feasible
What was the focus of Wundt’s new field of experimental psychology?
A) Understanding human consciousness
B) Exploring higher mental processes like memory
C) Investigating unconscious desires
D) Studying individual differences
A) Understanding human consciousness
Why did Wundt focus on immediate consciousness?
A) It eliminates subjectivity and allows for replication
B) It includes higher mental processes like memory
C) It emphasizes emotional experiences
D) It captures unconscious processes
A) It eliminates subjectivity and allows for replication
What is structuralism’s primary research method?
A) Experimental introspection
B) Free association
C) Longitudinal studies
D) Observational studies
A) Experimental introspection
What are the two forms of introspection identified in the structuralist approach?
A) Cognitive and emotional
B) Pure and experimental
C) Immediate and delayed
D) Physical and mental
B) Pure and experimental
Why did structuralists avoid studying perception?
A) It involves subjective interpretation
B) It lacks relevance to human consciousness
C) It is not observable or measurable
D) It contradicts the concept of mental laws
A) It involves subjective interpretation
Which mental law did Wundt believe governs human consciousness universally?
A) Fight-or-flight response
B) Theory of free will
C) Law of attraction
D) Context theory of meaning
A) Fight-or-flight response
What was the main criticism of Titchener’s exclusion of women from his experimentalist group?
A) It was based on outdated gender stereotypes
B) It was scientifically justified
C) It ignored their contributions to abnormal psychology
D) It prioritized subjective over objective measures
A) It was based on outdated gender stereotypes
What did Titchener’s “stimulus error” refer to?
A) Misidentifying a sensation as a perception
B) Describing an object by name rather than properties
C) Ignoring the role of feelings in mental processes
D) Misinterpreting a neurological event
B) Describing an object by name rather than properties
What did Titchener believe about the elements of mental experience?
A) They could include past experiences
B) They consist of sensations, images, and affections
C) They were subjective and unobservable
D) They should be limited to emotional responses
B) They consist of sensations, images, and affections
How did Titchener’s views on feelings differ from Wundt’s?
A) He believed in three dimensions of feelings
B) He reduced feelings to a single dimension: pleasantness-unpleasantness
C) He completely rejected the study of feelings
D) He focused only on physiological correlates of feelings
B) He reduced feelings to a single dimension: pleasantness-unpleasantness
Which area of psychology was neglected by structuralism?
A) Experimental psychology
B) Abnormal psychology
C) Sensory analysis
D) Neurological studies
B) Abnormal psychology
What was one reason structuralism declined as a school of thought?
A) It lacked empirical research methods
B) It focused only on higher mental processes
C) It excluded significant areas like learning and personality
D) It emphasized subjective experience over objective measures
C) It excluded significant areas like learning and personality
How did structuralists attempt to make psychology a science?
A) By focusing on measurable and observable experiences
B) By incorporating philosophical concerns
C) By studying unconscious motives
D) By emphasizing individual differences
A) By focusing on measurable and observable experiences
What modern psychological tool can be linked to Titchener’s idea of a “periodic table” for mental elements?
A) The DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders)
B) Cognitive-behavioral therapy techniques
C) Personality trait analysis
D) Neuroimaging methods
A) The DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders)
How does structuralism handle associations between sensations?
A) It ignores them to maintain objectivity
B) It studies them as part of the context theory of meaning
C) It prioritizes individual experiences over universal patterns
D) It focuses on unconscious influences on sensations
B) It studies them as part of the context theory of meaning
What does the “law of combination” explain in structuralism?
A) How elements of experience come together to form mental processes
B) The neurological correlates of behavior
C) The role of past experiences in perception
D) The integration of abnormal and normal behaviors
A) How elements of experience come together to form mental processes
Which of the following is an example of immediate consciousness studied in structuralism?
A) Analyzing a past memory of a family event
B) Observing the current texture and color of an object
C) Describing how a personal belief influences behavior
D) Predicting future emotional responses
B) Observing the current texture and color of an object
What is an example of a structuralist experiment in a classroom setting?
A) Measuring students’ subjective feelings about a topic
B) Increasing the room temperature and recording physical responses
C) Analyzing students’ unconscious motives for academic performance
D) Discussing past academic successes and failures
B) Increasing the room temperature and recording physical responses
What was Wundt’s main critique of higher mental processes?
A) They could not be studied using experimental methods
B) They were irrelevant to immediate consciousness
C) They were more philosophical than scientific
D) They relied too heavily on neurological explanations
A) They could not be studied using experimental methods