PBSI 225 Exam 3: Middle Adulthood

presbyopia

farsightedness, or difficulty focus on close objects (e.g., reading)

presbycusis

age-related hearing loss (old hearing); Starts in the 50's

factors of age related hearing loss

Age, genetics, sex (more likely in men), city noise

isometric strength

contraction of the muscles-maintained throughout adulthood

menopause

Cessation of ovulation and menstruation. 1 year after last period

perimenopause

transition to menopause (3 years before and after menopause)

"sandwich generation"

multiple demands of care for two generations

hardiness

ability to endure and adapt to difficult situations

common illnesses and causes of mortality

cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, drug overdose

crystallized intelligence

accumulation of facts and information

factors associated with crystallized intelligence

tend to know more information, learn more easily, and remember more information

fluid intelligence

underlying capacity to make connections among ideas and draw inferences

cocktail party effect

the ability to detect significant stimuli in multi-talker situations

expertise

an elaborate and integrated knowledge base that underlies extraordinary performance in a given task

selective optimization with compensation theory

states that successful aging depends on their ability to use selection, optimization, and compensation

selection

We reduce the scope of tasks that we focus our energies on. We selectively choose which areas of functioning are most important for us and focus our efforts there

optimization

We can maintain functioning in the selected areas with efficient use of practice or the use of technology

compensation

Using strategies to make up for the decline in our physical or mental abilities when attempting to complete a task that requires a higher level of performance than we are able to give (e.g., reaction time)

extrinsic rewards

reward comes external from the self

intrinsic rewards

psychological rewards attributable to the work itself

job burnout

mental exhaustion that accompanies long-term job stress, excessive workloads, and reduced feelings of control

generativity

a concern and sense of responsibility for future generations and society as a whole

stagnation

often associated with failing in meeting life goals. Characterized by self-absorption, such as seeking own comfort and security rather than generativity

midlife crisis

a stressful time in the early to mid 40s when adults are thought to re-evaluate their lives

seasons of life theory

adults progress through common set of phases

meaning of life

the sense made of, and significance felt regarding, the nature of one's being and existence

possible selves

belief about what is possible for the self. (e.g., could you be an astronaut)

subjective age

how old one FEELS like

androgyny

interacting instrumental and expressive characteristics

expressive characteristics

traits associated with femininity and include qualities such as kindness, sensitivity, and emotional responsiveness

instrumental characteristics

traits associated with the traditional masculine gender role, and are defined as a person's drive for independence, mastery, and self-assertiveness

personality traits

enduring dispositions apparent in individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

Big 5 personality traits

openness, extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism

Choo Sung-hoon is a 47-year-old MMA fighter competing in the Physical 100 with participants who are on average 22 years-old. He knows that he is not as fast as he used to be, so when he has to compete in a game that requires chasing another player, he instead suggests that they wrestle to win. This is an example of what strategy?

compensation

Lua has spent many years as a chess master. When asked to explain why she does the chess moves that she does, she says it's a gut feeling, and can't explain more since it feels automatic to her. When seeing a new chess move, she is fast to adapt and figure out a countermove. Lua is demonstrating:

Expertise

Harry has encountered a new stressful situation as work. However, they are not too stressed out about it, since they feel like they can overcome the issue, and know that they can rely on others to help them. Harry is demonstrating:

Hardiness

Darrel has been working for a customer service company for 20 years. He notices that he feels less motivated to go to work, and sometimes he skips, claiming to have a cold. Darrel most likely is experiencing:

Job burnout

You are interviewing a 25 yo and a 45 yo about their experiences in their job. Given what you know about job satisfaction, who do you expect to be more satisfied with their job and why?

45 yo, increases with age. More likely to focus on intrinsic rewards.

Zoey is reflecting on her life and her marriage and work. She realizes she doesn't like how she has organized her life. She decides she wants to change this. According to seasons of life theory, she is contemplating changing her:

Life structure

Jacob is 60-years-old. When he is asked by his granddaughter how old he is, he says he feels like he is 50 years old. This is an example of Jacob's:

Subjective age

You are attending a wedding where you have a chance to observe a lot of different people. You notice that Lee Ann tends to drift away from other people. You label her as a "wallflower." Given what we know about personality types, she is most likely low in which personality trait?

Extroversion

Two parents are discussing which developmental phase is the most stressful. Given what you have learned in your Lifespan course, you would tell them that the most stressful phase is most likely:

Parenting adolescents

A 57 year old man found himself struggling to keep up with what people were saying at a dinner party. He noticed it was especially hard to hear his daughter's high-pitched voice over the background noise. He is most likely experiencing...

presbycusis

Cara is 45 years old, and she enjoys engaging in yoga. What type of muscle strength is she maintaining with this type of activity?

isometric strength

50 year old Sue, has began to experience hot flashes, difficulty sleeping, and irregular periods.

She is in a transitional phase called:

perimenopause

Adults who care for both their own children, and parents are part of what generation?

sandwich generation

Its call a family member time in jeopardy. You need to ask someone who knows a lot of historical facts. Someone who knows a lot of historical facts most likely has __________ intelligence

crystallized intelligence

Feeling younger is associated with better health outcomes. How you feel about your age is also known as ____________

subjective age

S is 46 y/o and just quit his job. The recent job loss has left him feeling stressed.

He has begun to reflect on his life, and is considering making some drastic life changes.

What is S likely experiencing?

midlife crisis

Search for ____ in life is often triggered by turning points in life/significant events

meaning

After their children left for college, Mrs. X began to become more assertive. This is also known as demonstrating _____________

instrumental characteristics

Jane and June are very involved with their grandchildren. This is known as __________

grandparental investment

__________ refers to beliefs about what is possible for the self

possible selves

________________ is a theory that describes phases individuals go through in terms of structuring their life (E.g., relationships and institutions such as family and work)

seasons of life theory

Samantha has been working for a customer service company for 20 years. She notices that she feels less motivated to go to work, and sometimes she skips, claiming to have a cold. Samantha most likely is experiencing:

job burnout

Scooby doo is highly fearful and worries a lot. This is an example of high __________

neuroticism

________ refers to the ability to adapt and endure difficult situations, seeing stressful and challenging situations as manageable and as opportunities for growth

hardiness