Pathophysiology of Cardiometabolic Disease and Training Rx

Flashcards covering the key terms and concepts related to the pathophysiology of cardiometabolic disease and training recommendations.

Cardiometabolic disease

Conditions related to metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease, often linked to obesity, lack of physical activity, and insulin resistance.

Aerobic exercise

A physical activity that improves the efficiency of the body's cardiovascular system in absorbing and transporting oxygen.

Type 2 diabetes

A chronic condition where the body is unable to use insulin effectively, leading to elevated blood sugar levels.

Insulin resistance

A condition where the body's cells do not respond properly to insulin, making it difficult for glucose to enter cells.

Prediabetes

A condition where blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not yet high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes.

Hypertension

A chronic medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated.

High-intensity interval training (HIIT)

A form of exercise that alternates short periods of intense anaerobic exercise with less intense recovery periods.

Myokine

A type of cytokine produced and released by muscle fibers in response to muscular contractions.

HbA1c

A blood test that reflects average blood glucose levels over the past 2 to 3 months, used to diagnose and monitor diabetes.

Thrombosis

The formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel, which can obstruct blood flow.

Telomere length

A measure of the protective caps at the end of chromosomes, associated with aging and cellular replication.

Lipid metabolism

The process by which fats are broken down and utilized by the body for energy, storage, and other functions.

Chronic hyperglycemia

Persistently high blood sugar levels, which can lead to various complications, especially in individuals with diabetes.

Endothelial dysfunction

A condition in which the endothelium (inner lining of blood vessels) does not function normally, leading to cardiovascular issues.

Cardiorespiratory fitness

A measure of how well the body can transport and utilize oxygen during exercise.

Obesity-induced inflammation

An inflammatory response in the body due to the presence of excess adipose tissue, which can lead to various health problems.

Peripheral neuropathy

A result of damage to the peripheral nerves, often inherited or caused by conditions such as diabetes.

Mitochondrial function

The role of mitochondria in producing energy for the cell and maintaining cellular function.

Insulin secretagogues

Medications that stimulate the pancreas to produce more insulin.

Skeletal muscle glucose uptake

The process by which skeletal muscles absorb glucose from the bloodstream, essential for regulating blood sugar levels.

Adiponectin

A protein hormone produced by adipose tissue that regulates glucose levels and fatty acid breakdown.

Systemic insulin resistance

A condition in which the body's response to insulin is diminished throughout the body.

Visceral obesity

Fat storage in the abdominal cavity that is associated with increased risk of metabolic diseases.