Atomic Structure

Atomic Structure

Essentially empty space

Neutral

No net charge

Determined by Protons

Defines the chemical element

The higher energy required to remove an electron

The closer to the nucleus,

equals the number of protons

In a normal state, the total number of electrons

Gain or Loss of Electrons

Causes ionization

Why cant you add or remove a proton?

It will cause in changing the element

Neutron cannot be ionice because?

of no charge

Removal of an Electron

Causes ionization

Neutron-Proton Ratio

Always greater in larger atoms

The total number of protons

Is always equal to the electrons on the electron shells

Shell Naming

Labeled as K, L, M, N, etc.

Maximum Electrons per Shell

Calculated by 2n²

Principal quantum Number

Represented by "n" in 2n²

Outermost Electron Count

Matches the group number in the periodic table

Outer Shell Electrons

Participate in chemical bonding

Period Number

Matches the number of electron shells

Rows and Columns

Rows represent periods, columns represent groups

Octet rule

No more than eight electrons

Periodic Table

Organized into 8 vertical groups and 7 horizontal periods

Centripetal Force

Keeps electrons in orbit

Centrifugal

Maintains the electron’s distance while traveling in orbit

Electron Attraction Strength

Determines stability

Effect of More Electrons

Increases binding energy

Energy Needed to Remove Electrons

Known as ionization energy