Thrust commercial class 9

when are you in the area of reverse command?

below Vg

can you enter an untowered airport at a base

NO! downwind only

category for airmen

what might you see in a trough?

a thunderstorm could pop up

why is there often a line of low pressure in eastern US?

rocky mountains

what angle can you see the position lights (red and green)

110 degrees each

what angle is the white light seen from?

140 degrees in the back

why might you have a single haze layer in the sky?

a temp inversion is present

2 types of thunderstorms?

embedded and isolated

why does a warm occlusion cause embedded ts?

the overtaking air is cool and rides over the air in the cold front. since the warmer air is on top, it causes embedded t.s.

what can you request if you don’t know where to taxi?

progressive taxi

summer warm fronts can cause…

thunderstorms

severe thunderstorms

single cell thunderstorms last

up to an hour

dual cell thunderstorms last

two hours

the flashing red beacon light is seen from what angle?

every angle (all around)

squall line is a

line of thunderstorms, very severe

taxiway edge

mature is stage is the most dangerous because…

it can send hail in any direction

how many mph is a microburst?

almost 60mph (because it can be 6000fpm, and 5028feet in one mile)

when does the mature stage of a thunderstorm start?

when precipitation hits the ground

the up and down drafts in mature stages cause what?

windshear (will rip wings off plane, even for airliners)

an outflow boundary, also called a _____ is an area of (uplifting/downlifting) action

gustnado, uplifting

what kind of turbulence might you get 20 miles from a storm?

CAT (clear air turb)

VFR corridor is indicated ona. sectional with

thick magenta arrows

1000footers are how long?

150ft

lines on runway are how long? spaces between them?

120ft, 80ft

how long do microbursts last?

no more than 15 mins

attitude indicator uses what?

accelerometers, inclinometers

what pirep might you get before a microburst?

wind shear

types of turbulence

low level, frontal, convective, mechanical, wake

low level t is below what altitude

15,000ft, due to surface heating or friction, or mechanical turbulence

convective turb

caused by thermals, summer time turb

frontal turb comes ahead of a

fast moving cold front

clear air turbulence is seen

due to high degrees of friction at the jet stream level

where is jet stream in winter?

south and weak

where is jet stream in summer?

north and strong

tilt/angle of earth is how may degrees

23.5

going to europe, why does it take less time to get there?

there is a jetstream that they take!

how are oceanic airliner routes determined

jetstream and latitude and longitude points

when do you see the strongest wake turbulence?

heavy, clear, and slow

what are the worst planes to fly behind?

A380, 747, 777

what is the cadillac of the skies? body of 737, with wings and engines of a widebody

757, has special 3mile separation rule due to wake turb

why are left quartering tailwinds so dangerous for takeoff

left wingtop vorticies spin and move upwind vortex over runway and forward

with a wind tetrahedron, it points to where the wind is coming (to/from)!

from!

what is chevron on a runway called? can you takeoff or land on it?

blast pad, and no for both!

CAT is seen at what altitude? why?

15000ft, caused by interactions of air with varying wind speeds, often in or near jetstream

where is the jetstream found

tropopause

tropopause is the separating layer between the stratosphere and atmosphere. it is a…

temperature inversion

when would you get mountain wave turbulence

stable air moves across a ridge, creating rotor clouds

what equipment at KADS do we have for detecting windshear?

LLWS alert system

terminal doppler weather radar

airmets report what kind of windshear?

airmet

how does a doppler wx radar work?

detects precip intensity, low level wind shear using radars sent out and then bounced back

limitation of a doppler radar?

it wont see precip behind heavy precip because the signals bounce back

min safe altitude congested vs non congested

1000 above, 2000 away for congested

500 above for non-congested

where is the radar dish at the airliners?

a big circle right inside nose of aircraft

what is the vertical distance of a microburst

1000ft

volcanic ash dangers

highly abrasive, clogs pitot static and ventilation system, can pit windscreens and landing lights

true/false: volcanic ash can interrupt your coms

true—ash covers it up

haze, smoke, smog, dust—define each

haze—fine dry particles

smoke—combustion particles

smog—fog and smoke combo

dust—fine particles of soil

what temp can freezing start?

5C due to wind chill, because low pressure = high velocity = low temp

king airs and PC12 use black wings with what kind of de-icing?

pneumatic boots

the cirrus vision jet has what kind of de-icing?

weeping wing

what liquid is used in weeping wings?

ethylene glycol, or less commonly, propelyne gylcol

A Tecalemit-Kilfrost-Sheepbridge Stokes (TKS) system is a fancy term for a

weeping wing

de-icing fluids at big airports, explain orange and green

orange removes

green prevents (for up to an hour, via jelly layer)

3 types of icing forming on plane

induction

instrument

structural

flying through a cloud, ice on pitot mast. failures in order?

airspeed fails first because ram air is in front. Drops down to zero

then VSI and everything else, then airspeed acts like altimeter

using alt air inside the cabin, why do instruments read higher?

because you have lower pressure inside cabin

thermal anti-icing systems use

hot turbine air

, or heated graphite foil

what can bleed air do for your airplane?

hot turbine air used to control air conditioning, hydraulics, anti- and de-icing

the APU acts like a turbine to create bleed air to start the engines, and is found in the ____ of the plane

tail

what is the name of the pointy painted swirl inside the turbine?

the spinner

what’s special about the turbine engine rubber spinners

ice can’t build up because it’s not as cold, and it bounces off

METARs are issued ___ mins past hour

55 mins

SKC vs CLR in a METAR

SKC is manually drrn

CLR is automatic

2 types of pireps

UUA, and UA (urgent and routine)

TAFs are issued within ___sm of airport, every __ hours

5sm, 6 hours

M7 on a pirep means

minus 7 degrees

9900 on temp and winds aloft means

winds light and variable

light and variable — 9900 — how many knots

less than 5

airmet, sigmet, convective sigmet valid periods

6 hours, 4 hours, 2 hours, and 6 for a hurricane

Sig weather prog chart (SIGWX) depicts

pressure systems, fronts, and precip, and MVFR and VFR conditions

used to avoid freezing and turbulent areas

shows surface wx up to 24,000ft

valid for 12 hours on left, 24 hours right

where can you find GFA map? why?

aviationweather.gov, when no TAF is legal