Latin America, Africa, Middle East, Asia, Europe, Globalization

Vocabulary flashcards covering key events, movements, and concepts from Latin America, Africa, the Middle East, Asia, Europe, and Globalization.

Communism in Cuba, Nicaragua, and Chile

People rebelled against poverty, inequality, and U.S. control.

Neo-colonialism in Latin America

Foreign (especially U.S.) companies controlled resources after independence.

Decolonization of African countries post-WWII

Africans fought in the war but were still denied rights; Europe was weakened.

Decolonization methods in Algeria, Ghana, and Rwanda

Algeria fought violently, Ghana gained independence peacefully, Rwanda had ethnic tensions.

Pan-Africanism

A movement to unite Africans and celebrate African identity.

End of Apartheid in South Africa

Protests, international pressure, and leaders like Nelson Mandela led to the end.

African economies post-independence

Africa continued to export raw materials without significant industrialization.

Decolonization of the Middle East post-WWII

European powers withdrew, ending mandates in Palestine, Syria, and Iraq.

Zionism and the establishment of Israel

Zionism is the Jewish movement for a homeland after persecution; Israel was created in 1948.

Pan-Arabism

Idea to unite Arab nations politically and economically.

Conflicts in the Middle East

Shia-Sunni tensions and conflicts between Jews, Turks, and Arabs.

Decolonization in India

Peaceful protests led by Gandhi forced Britain to grant independence.

Nationalist Revolution in China

Nationalists (Guomindang) attempted modernization but lost power to Communists.

Rise of communism in China

Mao Zedong led a Communist revolution promising land to peasants.

Great Leap Forward

Mao's failed plan to rapidly industrialize China that caused famine.

Cultural Revolution in China

Mao's purge of individuals he considered 'against communism.'

Deng Xiaoping's reforms

Opened China to limited free-market (capitalist) reforms.

Human rights violations in China

Includes the Tiananmen Square massacre and Uighur oppression.

Collapse of communism in Eastern Europe

Economic issues and rejection of dictatorship led to the collapse.

Fall of the Soviet Union

Resulted from internal collapse due to economic failure and political pressure.

Increase of migration to Europe post-WWII

Former colonies moved to Europe for jobs and cultural ties.

Economic pull factors for migrants to Europe

Increased job opportunities in Europe after war.

Europe’s population post-WWII

Population growth slowed due to fewer children and aging society.

Factors promoting globalization and free trade

Bretton Woods system and the aftermath of World Wars that destroyed old empires.

Positives of globalization

Includes the Green Revolution, fewer wars, free trade, and improved women's and human rights.

Negatives of globalization

Includes environmental damage, pandemics, and lifestyle diseases.

Organizations promoting globalization

WTO and multinational corporations.

Trade agreements promoting globalization

EU, ASEAN, USMCA/NAFTA.

Genocides since 1945

Includes Rwanda (Hutus vs. Tutsis) and Uighurs in China (oppression and internment).