Chapter 4: The Periodic Table - Chemistry

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Chemistry

11th

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23 Terms

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periodic law
the law that states that the repeating physical and chemical properties of elements change periodically with their atomic number
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valence electron
an electron that is found in the outermost shell of an atom and that determines the atom’s chemical properties
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group
a vertical column of elements in the periodic table
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period
a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table
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main-group elements
an element in the s-block or p-block of the periodic table
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alkali metal
one of the elements of Group 1 of the periodic table
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alkaline-earth metal
one of the elements of group 2 of the periodic table
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halogen
one of the elements of group 17 of the periodic table
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noble gas
an unreactive element of group 18 of the periodic table that has 8 electrons in its outer level
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transition metal
one of the metals that can use the inner shell before using the outer shell to bond
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lanthanide
a member of the rare-earth series of elements whose atomic numbers range from 58 to 71
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actinide
any of the elements of the actinide series which have an atomic number from 89 to 103
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alloy
a solid or liquid mixture of two or more metals
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reactivity
how likely an atom is to interact (react) with other atoms
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ionization energy
the energy required to remove an electron from an atom or ion
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electron shielding
the reduction of the attractive force between a positively charged nucleus and its outermost electrons due to the cancellation of some of the positive charge by the negative charges of the inner electrons
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bond radius
half the distance from center to center of two like atoms that are bonded together
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electronegativity
a measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons
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electron affinity
energy released when an electron is added to a neutral atom
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nuclear reactions
a reaction that affects the nucleus of an atom
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superheavy element
an element whose atomic number is greater than 106
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Transuranium element
element with an atomic number greater than 92
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transmutation
1 nucleus is changed into a different nucleus