Musculoskeletal System

Long bone shape

Bones longer than they are wide and found in the limbs (eg. femuer and humerus). These bones are named for their elongated shape, not their size

Tubular bone shape

long bones

Short bone shape

Roughly cube-shaped bones such as carpal bones of wrists and tarsal bones of the ankle

Sesamoid bone shape

A short bone (shaped like a sesame sead) formed within tendons, cartilaginous in early life and osseous (bony) in the adult. The patella is the largest sesamoid bone in the body

Cuboidal bone shape

short bones

Flat bone shape

Consists of a layer of spongy bone between two thin layers of compact bone; cross-section is flat not rounded. These bones have marrow but lack a bone marrow cavity. Skull and ribs are examples

Irregular bone shape

these are bones in the body not fitting into the other catagories ex. mandable and vertabrae

Closed fracture

does not involve a break in the skin

Compound fracture

projects through the skin with a possibility of infection

Comminbuted fracture

more than two separate bone components

Transverse fracture

breaks shaft of bone across the longitudinal axis

Greenstick fracture

only one side of shaft is broken and other is bent, common in children

Spiral fracture

spread along length of bone produced by twisting stress

Colle’s fracture

Occurs in wrists and affects the distal radius bone

Compression fracture

vertabrea collapse due to trauma, tumor, or osteopetrosis

Epiphyseal fracture

Occurs when matrix is calcifying, and chondrocytes are dying; usually seen in children

Skeletal muscle

also called striated muscle and is attached to the skeleton by tendons; contraction of this muscle is under voluntary control

Cardiac muscle

also called the heart muscle, contains interlocking involuntary striated muscle, which allows the electrical impulses to pass quickly across the muscle fibers

Smooth muscle

foudn in the walls of hollow organs of the body, its contraction reduces the size of these structure, movement is generally involuntary

Ankylosis

condition of stuffening of a joint

Arthalgia

pain in a joint

Arthritis

Inflammation of a joint

Arthrodesis

surgical fixation of a joint

Bursitis

Inflammation of a bursa

carpal

pertaining to wrist bones

chondral

pertaining to cartilage

chondralgia

pain around the cartilage

coccygeal

pertaining to the coccyx

connective

tussue connecting or binding together

Datylic

pertaining to finger or toe

fermoral

pertaining to the femur

iliac

pertaining to the ilium

Kyphosis

abnormal curvature of the thoracic spine (humpback)

Lordosis

Abnormal curvature of the spine usually lumbar (swayback or hollow back)

Metacarpal

Long bones of the hand that form the skeletal structure of the palm

Osteoblast

bone-forming cell

Osteocarcinoma

cancerous tumor of bone

Osteochondritus

inflammation of the bone and cartilage

Osteoporosis

condition resulting in reduction of bone mass

Osteorrhaphy

suture of bone

Patellar

pertaining to the patella

Phalanges

bones of the fingers and toes

Scoliosis

lateral curvature of spine

sternotomy

surgical incision of spine

sternotomy

surgical incision of sternum

tarsal

pertaining to the tarsal bones in the foot

tendonitis

inflammation of the tendon