GCSE Atomic Structure Topic 1

What 3 particles make up an atom?

Protons
Neutrons
Electrons

Where are the protons and neutrons?

In the nucleus

Where are the electrons?

In the shells or discrete energy levels

What are the charges of protons, neutrons and electrons?

Proton = +1
Neutron = 0
Electron = -1

What are the masses of protons, neutrons and electrons?

Proton = 1
Neutron = 1
Electron = 1/2000

What is special about the number of protons and number of electrons in an atom?

Number of protons = Number of electrons.

What charge does an atom have overall?

0 Charge

How many electrons can fit on the first shell?

2

How many electrons can fit on the second shell?

8

How many electrons can fit on the third shell?

8 (+10)

What is the periodic table split up into?

Metals and Non-metals

What does the atomic number tell you?

Number of protons

What does the mass number tell you?

Number of protons + neutrons

How can you calculate the number of neutrons?

Mass number - atomic number

What is a an element?

A substance in which all the atoms are the same.

What is a compound?

2 or more elements, chemically combined.

What is a mixture?

2 or more elements, combined, not using a chemical reaction.

How do you separate a mixture?

Use physical separation techniques.

Give examples of physical separation techniques.

Distillation
Crystallisation
Filtration

What determines the type of element?

The number of protons

What is an isotope?

An atom of the same element, with the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons.

Who created the Plum-Pudding model.

JJ Thompson

Describe the plum-pudding model.

A ball of positive charge, with negative electrons embedded into it.

Describe the Nuclear Model.

Positive nucleus in the centre, surrounded by a ring of electrons

Describe the Bohr Nuclear Model

Positive nucleus in the centre, Negative electrons orbiting the nucleus at set distances.