Thoracic Limb Muscle attachments, innervations, and blood

Cleidobrachialis m. attachments

(1) clavicular intersection

(2) humeral crest

Cleidocephalicus m. attachment CARNIVORES

(1) Clavicular intersection

(2) Mastoid process of temporal bone [mastoid part]

(3) Median raphe and nuchal ligament [cervical part]

Cleidocephalicus m. attachment RUMINANTS

(1) Clavicular intersection

(2) Mastoid process of the temporal bone [mastoid part]

(3) BOVINE ONLY: Nuchal line of the occipital bone and nuchal ligament [occipital part]

(4) SMALL RUMINANT ONLY: nuchal crest of the occipital bone and nuchal ligament [occipital part]

Cleidocephalicus m. attachment EQUIDS

(1) clavicular intersection

(2) Mastoid process of the temporal bone and nuchal crest of the occipital bone [mastoid part]

Brachiocephalicus m. actions

(1) Advance the limb when non-weight bearing

(2) Extend the shoulder when non-weight bearing

(3) Draw neck and head down or to the sides when weight-bearing

Brachiocephalicus m. innervation

(1) Accessory n.

(2) Axillary n.

Brachiocephalicus m. blood supply

(1) Superficial cervical a. [CAR]

(2) External thoracic a. [EQ, RU]

Superficial Veins of the thoracic limb and species differences

(1) External jugular vein

(2) Cephalic vein

(3) Omobrachial vein [DOG ONLY]

(4) Axillobrachial vein [DOG ONLY]

Trapezius m. attachments and species differences

(1) CARNIVORE ONLY: Dorsal median fibrous raphe of the neck [cervical origin]

(2) LARGE ANIMAL ONLY: nuchal ligament [cervical origin]

(3) Supraspinous ligament [thoracic part origin]

(4) spine of the scapula [insertion]

Trapezius m. action

(1) elevate the scapula

Trapezius m. nerve innervation

(1) Accessory n.

Trapezius m. blood supply

(1) Subscapular a.

Rhomboideus m. attachments and species differences

(1) CARNIVORE ONLY: nuchal crest [capital part insertion]

(2) CARNIVORE ONLY: dorsal median fibrous raphe [cervical insertion]

(3) Spinous processes of the cervical and thoracic vertebrae [cervical and thoracic insertion]

(4) Scapular cartilage, dorsal border

Rhomboideus m. actions

(1) Elevate the scapula and limb

(2) Draw the scapula against the trunk

Omotransversarius m. attachments

(1) Transverse process of atlas [origin]

(2) Distal spine of scapula [insertion]

Omotransversarius m. actions

(1) Advance the limb

(2) Bends neck laterally

Omotransversarius m. innervation

(1) Accessory n.

Omotransversarius m. blood supply and species differences

(1) LARGE ANIMALS ONLY: External thoracic a.

Latissimus dorsi m. attachments

(1) thoracolumbar fascia of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae [origin]

(2) Teres major tuberosity of the humerus [insertion]

Latissimus dorsi m. actions

(1) draws the limb caudally and flexes the shoulder joint if the limb is free to move

(2) draws the trunk forward if the limb is advanced and planted on ground

Latissimus dorsi m. blood supply and species difference

(1) thoracodorsal a.

(2) CARNIVORE ONLY: lateral thoracic a.

Serratus ventralis m. attachments

(1) Cervical vertebrae and rib [origin]

(2) serrated face of the scapula [insertion]

Serratus ventralis m. actions

(1) main muscle that supports/suspends and elevates the trunk

(2) draws the scapula cranially or caudally depending on the position of the limb

(3) depresses the scapula

Serratus ventralis m. nerve innervation

(1) long thoracic n.

Superficial pectoral m. attachments and species differences

(1) cranial few sternebrae and ventral median fibrous raphe [origin]

(2) LARGE ANIMAL ONLY: humeral crest and deltoid tuberosity [descending part]

(3) CARNIVORE ONLY: humeral crest, crest of the greater tubercle [transverse part]

(4) LARGE ANIMAL: fascia of the medial forearm [transverse part]

Superficial pectoral m. actions

(1) Adducts the limb or advance the limb when not weight-bearing

(2) Prevents abduction of the limb when weight-bearing

Superficial pectoral m. nerve innervation

(1) Cranial pectoral n.

Superficial pectoral m. blood supply

(1) external thoracic a.

Deep pectoral m. attachments and species differences

(1) length of the sternebrae, ventral median fibrous raphe, and abdomen [origin]

(2) LARGE ANIMAL ONLY: greater tubercle [insertion]

(3) Lesser tubercle and fascia of the medial arm [insertion]

Deep pectoral m. actions

(1) Draws the limb caudally, adducts the limb, and flexes the shoulder joint when not weight bearing

(2) Draws trunk cranially if the limb is advanced and extends the shoulder joint when weight-bearing

(3) Helps support/suspend the trunk with serratus ventralis m.

Deep pectoral m. nerve innervation

(1) Caudal pectoral n.

Deep pectoral m. blood supply and species differences

(1) CARNIVORES ONLY: lateral thoracic a.

(2) LARGE ANIMALS: external thoracic a.

Subclavius m. and species differences attachments

(1) EQUINE ONLY: cranial lateral sternum

(2) Cranial scapula and fascia of the supraspinatus

Deltoideus m. attachments and species differences

(1) Spine of the scapula by means of an aponeurosis

(2) RUMINANTS, CARNIVORES: Acromion

(3) Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

Deltoideus m. actions

(1) Flexes the shoulder joint/shoulder

Deltoideus m. nerve innervation

(1) Axillary n.

Deltoideus m. blood supply

(1) Caudal circumflex humeral a.

Supraspinatus m. attachments

(1) supraspinous fossa

(2) spine of the scapula

(3) cranial part of the greater tubercle

Supraspinatus m. actions

(1) Stabilize the shoulder joint [primary action to know]

(2) Extend the shoulder joint

Supraspinatus m. nerve innervation

(1) Suprascapular n.

Supraspinatus m. blood supply

(1) Suprascapular a.

Infraspinatus m. attachments and species differences

(1) Infraspinous fossa and spine of the scapula

(2) Lateral surface of the greater tubercle of the humerus

(3) Area of infraspinatus

(4) LARGE ANIMAL ONLY: superficial tendon

Subtendinous bursa of the Infraspinatus m. actions

(1) Reduces friction, allowing movement without wear, provide cushioning

(2) Located between the tendon of the infraspinatus m. and the greater tubercle of the humerus

Infraspinatus m. actions

(1) Stabilize the shoulder joint [primary]

(2) extend or flex the shoulder joint depending on the position of the joint

(3) Lateral rotation of the humerus

(4) Prevents medial rotation of the humerus when weight-bearing

Infraspinatus m. nerve innervation

(1) Suprascapular n.

Infraspinatus m. blood supply

(1) Suprascapular a.

(2) Subscapular a.

(3) Caudal circumflex humeral a.

Teres minor m. attachments

(1) Distal, caudal border of the scapula

(2) Teres minor tuberosity of the humerus

Teres minor m. actions

(1) Flexes the shoulder joint

(2) Prevents medial rotation of the humerus when weight-bearing

Teres minor m. nerve innervation

(1) Axillary n.

Teres minor m. blood supply

(1) Caudal circumflex humeral a.

Subscapularis m. attachments

(1) Subscapular fossa

(2) Lesser tubercle of the humerus

Subscapularis m. actions

(1) Stabilize the shoulder joint

(2) Extend the shoulder joint

Subscapularis m. nerve innervation

(1) Subscapular n.

(2) Axillary n.

Subscapularis m. blood supply

(1) Subscapular a.

(2) Suprascapular a.

Teres major m. attachments

(1) Caudal angle and border of the scapula

(2) Teres major tuberosity of the humerus

Teres major m. actions

(1) Flexes the shoulder joint

(2) Adduction of the brachium

(3) Prevents lateral rotation of the humerus when weight-bearing

Teres major m. nerve innervation

(1) Axillary n.

Teres major m. blood supply and species differences

(1) Subscapular a.

(2) Caudal circumflex humeral a.

(3) LARGE ANIMAL ONLY: Cranial circumflex humeral a.

(4) Thoracodorsal a.

Corcacobrachialis m. attachments

(1) Coracoid process of the sapula

(2) Proximal to or at the teres major tuberosity of the humerus

Corcacobrachialis m. actions and species differences

(1) Outward rotation of the shoulder

(2) Adduction of the brachium

(3) CARNIVORES: extend the shoulder joint

(4) LARGE ANIMALS: flexes the shoulder joint

Corcacobrachialis m. nerve innervation

Musculocutaneous n.

Corcacobrachialis m. blood supply

(1) Caudal circumflex humeral a.

(2) Cranial circumflex humeral a.

Tensor fasciae antebrachii m. attachments

(1) Fascia of the latissimus dorsi m.

(2) Olecranon and fascia of the antebrachium

Tensor fasciae antebrachii m. actions

(1) Tenses the fascia of the antebrachium

(2) extends the elbow joint

Tensor fasciae antebrachii m. nerve innervation

(1) Radial n.

Tensor fasciae antebrachii m. blood supply

(1) Deep brachial a.

(2) Collateral ulnar a.

Tricep brachii m. attachments

(1) Caudal border of the scapula

(2) tricipital line of the humerus lateral

(3) medial shaft and lesser tubercle of the humerus

(4) Caudal part of the neck of the humerus

(5) Olecranon tuber

Tricep brachii m. actions

(1) Flex the shoulder joint

(2) Extend the elbow joint

Tricep brachii m. nerve innervation

(1) Radial n.

Tricep brachii m. blood supply

(1) Caudal circumflex humeral a.

(2) Deep brachial a.

(3) Collateral ulnar a.

Anconeus m. attachments

(1) Lateral supracondylar crest of the humerus

(2) Olecranon tuber

Anconeus m. actions

(1) extend the elbow joint

Anconeus m. nerve innervation

(1) Radial n.

Anconeus m. blood supply

(1) Collateral ulnar a.

Biceps brachii m. attachments and species differences

(1) Supraglenoid tuberosity of the scapula

(2) Radial and ulnar tuberosities

(3) LARGE ANIMALS [EQUINES]: Tendon of the extensor carpi radialis m. via the lacertus fibrosus

Biceps brachii m. actions and species differences

(1) Extend the shoulder joint

(2) Flex the elbow joint

(3) LARGE ANIMALS Can help stabilize the shoulder and carpal joints

Biceps brachii m. nerve innervation

(1) Musculocutaneuous n.

Biceps brachii m. blood supply

(1) Cranial circumflex humeral a.

(2) Bicipital a.

Bicipital bursa action

(1) Reduces friction allowing movement without wear, provides cushioning

Brachialis m. attachments and species differences

(1) Proximal third of the caudolateral surface near the neck of the humerus

(2) CARNIVORES: radial and ulnar tuberosities

(3) LARGE ANIMALS: radial tuberosity

Brachialis m. actions

(1) Flexes the elbow joint

Brachialis m. nerve innervation

(1) Musculocutaneous n.

Brachialis m. blood supply and species differences

(1) CARNIVORE: Caudal circumflex humeral a.

(2) EQUID: Deep brachial a.

(3) RUMINANT: bicipital a.

Extensor carpi radialis m. attachments and species differences

(1) Lateral supracondylar crest and radial fossa

(2) Dorsal tuberosity at the base of the metacarpal bones:

MC II and III in DOGS

MC III in HORSE

MC III and IV in RUMINANTS

Extensor carpi radialis m. actions

(1) Extend the carpal joints

Extensor carpi radialis m. nerve innervation

(1) Radial n.

Extensor carpi radialis m. blood supply

(1) Transverse cubital a.

(2) Cranial interosseous a.

Common digital extensor m. attachments

(1) Lateral humeral epicondyle and lateral collateral ligament of the elbow

(2) Extensor processes of the distal phalanx of weight-bearing digits

Common digital extensor m. actions

(1) Extend the carpal joints

(2) Extend the digital joints

Common digital extensor m. nerve innervation

(1) Radial n.

Common digital extensor m. blood supply

(1) Transverse cubital a.

(2) Cranial interosseous a.

Lateral digital extensor m. attachments and species differences

(1) CANINES AND RUMINANTS: lateral humeral epicondyle, lateral collateral ligaments of the elbow and lateral tuberosity of the radius

(2) EQUINES: lateral collateral ligament of the elbow and lateral tuberosity of the radius

(3) Extensor processes of the distal phalanx of weight-bearing digits

Lateral digital extensor m. actions

(1) extend the carpal joints

(2) extend the digital joints

Lateral digital extensor m. nerve innervation

(1) Radial n.

Lateral digital extensor m. blood supply

(1) Transverse cubital a.

(2) Cranial interosseous a.

Ulnaris lateralis m. attachments

(1) Lateral humeral epicondyle and lateral collateral ligaments of the elbow

(2) Accessory carpal bone and the proximal end of the lateral metacarpal bone(s)

Ulnaris lateralis m. actions and species differences

(1) flexes the carpal joints

(2) CARNIVORES: may help maintain the extension of an already extended carpus

Ulnaris lateralis m. nerve innervation

(1) Radial n.

Ulnaris lateralis m. blood supply and species differences

(1) Caudal interosseous a.

(2) CARNIVORES: Ulnar a.

Abductor digiti I longus m. attachments

(1) Craniolateral surface of radius and ulna

(2) Proximal end of the metacarpal bone I