Chapter 5 sci - Ray model of light

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Incident ray (definition)

The incident ray is the light ray hitting the reflecting surface

Normal (definition)

The normal is the line perpendicular to the surface at the point of incidence

Incident ray (definition)

The incident ray is the light ray hitting the reflecting surface.

Reflected ray (definition)

The reflected ray is the light ray travelling away from the reflecting surface after bouncing off the surface.

Angle of incidence (definition)

The angle of incidence i , is the angle between the incident ray and the normal

angle of reflection (definition)

The angle of reflection , r is the angle between the reflected ray and the normal

Convex mirror (definition)

-curves outwards

-allow us to see a large view

Concave mirrors (definition)

-curves inwards

-allow us to see a “close up'“ , Magnified image

Reflection on a smooth surface ( what happens)

Each ray is reflected in the same direction

Reflection on a rough surface (what happens)

Each ray is reflected in a different direction.

Refraction of light (definition)

Refraction is the bending of light at the boundary between two different transparent materials (i,e) optical mediums) due to a change in the speed of light as it passes through one material into the other .

Refraction (how it occurs {understanding})

Refraction occurs when light travels from one medium to another (e.g., air to water), causing it to change speed and direction. An example of this can be likened to a rolling cart going from a smooth surface onto a rough surface; the change in surface affects the cart's speed and direction, similar to how light behaves in different materials.

Light travels____ in air than in glass

Faster

Light travels faster in air than in glass (defintion): put into example

Therefore, when a ray of light travels from air (optically less dense) into the glass block (optically denser), it slows down and bends towards the normal.

if a material is optically less dense, will light travel faster or slower in it.

faster.

Relationship between density of material and speed at which light travels at.

As the density of the material decreases , the rate of which at light travels through it increase.

Dispersion (defintion)

Dispersion is the splitting of white light into its component colors when it passes through a material.

Infrared Radiation (IR)

• Thermal imaging cameras for fever screening

• Proximity sensors in robotic vacuums to avoid drops

• Drowsiness detection sensors in smart vehicles

• Night vision for animals (like snakes tracking prey)

Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation

• Stimulating Vitamin D production in the skin

• Medical treatment for skin conditions (like psoriasis)

• Chemical-free disinfection of medical equipment, food, and water

Visible Light

• Powering photosynthesis in plants to make food

• Enabling vision for humans to carry out daily tasks

• Street lighting and illuminating cities at night

• Enabling certain insects (like bees) to locate nectar on flowers