Chapter 26 The Urinary System

exam 4

Main organs & functions?

Kidneys: produce ; ureters: transport; bladder: storage; urethra: excrete

Urination medical term?

Micturition

Excretion vs. elimination?

excretion: removal of metabolic waste from blood; elimination: removal from the body

Kidney location & adrenal gland?

between T12 and L3 each w/ adrenal gland on top

Kidney indentation for vessels/ureter?

hilium

Kidney regions? Which has pyramids?

Cortex(outer) and medulla(inner, pyramids)

Blood vessels to nephron capillaries?

afferent atrioles

Smallest functional kidney unit

nephrons

Renal corpuscle components?

glomerulus (capillary knot) + glomerular capsule (browmans cup)

How does blood get out of the glomerulus?

Efferent arteriole

Glomerular capillary type?

Fenestrated

Filtrate is?

essentially protein free solution

Q: Glomerulonephritis cause?

Inflammation of glomeruli; often post-streptococcus

Q: Reabsorption vs. secretion?

reabsorption: back to blood; secretion: into tubular fluid from blood

Q: PCT vs. DCT function?

PCT: reabsorbs ions, glucose, and aminos; DCT: reabsorbs water/ions

Q: Juxtaglomerular complex roles?

has macula densa: acts as chemo/baroreceptors; cells monitor BP, and secrete renin

Intercalated cells?

regulate pH

Cortical vs. juxtamedullary nephron tubule location?

cortex, medulla respectively

Long capillaries by juxtamedullary loop?

vasa recta

Descending limb function?

reabsorb water

Major metabolic wastes?

urea, creatine, and uric acid

Urine formation processes?

filtration, reabsorption and secretion

Reabsorption mechanisms?

simple diffusion, carrier proteins, and osmosis

Secretion

fromm peritubular fluid to the tubular fluid

Q: Nutrients rarely in urine?

glucose, lipids, amino acids, proteins

Why GHP > systemic capillaries?

efferent arteriole smaller than afferent

What if GHP = systemic capillary pressure?

filtration stops

Capsular hydrostatic pressure?

resistance from filtrate already in the nephron

NHP & NFP?

NHP = GHP – CsHP; NFP = NHP – BCOP

BCOP molecule?

albumin

GFR?

filtrate produced by kidneys per min

Filtration regulated by?

SNS and hormones (RAAS and natriuretic)

Renal threshold?

Plasma conc. where substance appears in urine

Osmolarity?

solute particles per L of a solution

PCT reabsorbs?

60-70% of filtrate

Ascending limb permeability?

impermeable to water

DCT function?

Active secretion of ions, acids, toxins

The collecting system controls pH of body fluid through the secretion/reabsorption of which two ions?

Hydrogen & sodium bicarbonate

Countercurrent multiplication?

Exchange between nephron & surrounding fluid

Hormone for water reabsorption in DCT/collecting duct?

ADH

Urinalysis?

Physical, chemical, microscopic analysis of urine

Kidney function tests?

urinalysis, creatine clearance, BUN

BUN meaning?

blood, urea, nitrogen

Pyelogram?

Urinary system imaging

Urine path from kidney?

ureters to bladder to urethra

Bladder function & rugae?

temp storage for urine; rugae allow expansion

Incontinence?

inability to control urination

Renal calculi common name?

kidney stones

Nephrolithiasis?

formation/destruction of kidney stones