Ch. 12 Lesions in Shades of Red and Purple

Practice flashcards covering key terms and characteristics of various oral lesions in shades of red and purple, including reactive, immune, and vascular conditions.

Pyogenic Granuloma

Benign vascular growths representing an exuberant hyperplastic granulation response of tissue to trauma or irritation, often associated with pregnancy or puberty due to hormonal increases.

Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma (PGCG)

Reactive hyperplastic responses to tissue injury typically found on the gingiva or edentulous ridges, characterized by the presence of giant cells and a deep red or bluish color.

Petechia

Pinpoint-sized hemorrhages of $1-2\,mm$ that do not blanch, are not vascular in nature, and may indicate systemic disorders such as leukemia.

Purpura

Hemorrhagic lesions larger than a petechia, measuring over $2\,mm$, which may occur due to trauma or systemic diseases.

Ecchymoses

The largest of the three hemorrhages, greater than $2\,mm$ in size, which arises from trauma or iatrogenic causes and will not blanch with diascopy.

Lichen Planus

A chronic immune system disorder of unknown etiology that typically occurs in midlife between the ages of $30-80$, affecting women most often.

The Four P’s of Lichen Planus

A mnemonic for cutaneous (skin) lesions of Lichen Planus: Purple, Pruritic, Polygonal, and Plaques.

Erosive Lichen Planus

The most aggressive form of Lichen Planus, characterized by ulcerative stripping of the epithelium, and more noted to become squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Candidosis (Candidiasis)

The most common fungal infection, also known as "Thrush," which appears as cottage cheese-like plaques that wipe off to reveal a raw, red surface.

Angular Cheilitis (Perleche)

A fungal infection occurring at the commissure of the mouth, often associated with saliva collection or diabetes, and treated with antifungals like Nystatin.

Median Rhomboid Glossitis

An acquired condition linked to C. albicans characterized by a rhombus-shaped area of central denuded papillae on the tongue.

Erythroplakia (Erythroplasia)

A velvety red patch or lesion with a high rate of progressing to oral cancer, with at least $85\%$ usually being severely dysplastic or premalignant.

Varicosity Varix (Venous Varix)

Abnormally dilated or tortuous veins found on the lower lip, typically in adults over $60$ years of age.

Lingual Varicosities

Dilated veins found under the tongue in older adults, where the primary clinical concern is thrombosis.

Hematoma

An area of blood pooled under the skin, often called a "blood blister," which does not show disruption of blood supply upon diascopy.

Congenital Hemangioma

A benign proliferation of blood vessels composed of capillaries and venules that blanches with pressure and usually involutes on its own.

Lymphangiomas

Lesions composed of lymphatic vessels present at birth that do not involute and are most commonly found on the tongue, buccal mucosa, or floor of mouth.

Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia

Also known as Osler-Weber-Rendu Disease, an autosomal dominant condition involving dilated blood vessels (spider veins) that may bleed profusely.