Pharm II Antimicrobial Therapy (copy)

What is the purpose of a Culture and Sensitivity test in antimicrobial therapy?

To determine the specific bacteria causing an infection and assess its susceptibility to various antibiotics.

What is Prophylaxis in the context of antimicrobial therapy?

The use of antibiotics to prevent infection, particularly in patients undergoing surgery or with compromised immune systems.

What do the terms Peak and Trough signify in medication administration?

Peak refers to the highest concentration of a drug in the blood after administration, while Trough refers to the lowest concentration.

What is Stevens-Johnson Syndrome?

A rare and serious skin reaction involving an immune system overreaction to a drug or infection, potentially fatal.

What are Blood Dyscrasias?

Disorders affecting the blood components, including those associated with bone marrow and clotting proteins.

What does Steady State mean in pharmacology?

The condition when the overall intake of a drug is fairly in dynamic equilibrium with its elimination.

What is a Superinfection?

A secondary infection that occurs when the normal microbial flora are disturbed by antibiotic treatment.

Define Ototoxicity.

Toxicity that affects the ear, potentially leading to hearing impairment.

What is Nephrotoxicity?

Toxic effects on the kidneys, which can impair their function.

What is Crystalluria?

The presence of crystals in urine, which can cause various renal complications.

What steps should be taken as Pre-medication before administering antibiotics?

Check for allergies, obtain cultures before the first dose, ensure completion of the entire course, report side effects, and complete periodic lab testing if ordered.

What recommendations should be made regarding the use of oral contraceptives with certain antibiotics?

Some antibiotics may reduce their effectiveness; therefore, alternative contraception may be necessary.

What is the prototype drug for Penicillins?

Ampicillin.

What are common adverse effects of Penicillins?

Allergic reactions, GI symptoms (abdominal pain, diarrhea), and risk of superinfections.

What nursing administration point is important for Penicillins?

Administer on an empty stomach and monitor for allergic reactions.

Which drug class does Cephalexin belong to?

Cephalosporins.

What is a serious adverse effect associated with Aminoglycosides?

Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity.

What should be monitored in patients receiving Vancomycin?

Monitor peak and trough levels, as well as creatinine levels.

What is the prototype for Fluoroquinolones?

Ciprofloxacin.

What critical monitor is necessary for patients on Tetracyclines?

Monitor for sun protection due to the risk of photosensitivity.

What precautions should be taken with Sulfonamides?

Instruct patients to drink plenty of fluids and monitor renal function.

What is a common use for the Macrolide class of antibiotics?

Effective against bacterial infections and serves as a substitute for those allergic to penicillin.

What are the major adverse effects associated with Azoles?

Hepatotoxicity, GI upset, rash (varies by specific drug).

What is an important nursing consideration when administering Amphotericin B?

Monitor renal function tests weekly and hepatic function tests monthly.