Blood Analysis

fibrinogen

serum is everything in plasma except

red blood cells

when O2 is immediately used to make ATP, where do we take more oxygen from

Albumins

proteins in the blood that transport cholesterol

Globulins

proteins in the blood that work as antigens

Alpha 1, Alpha 2, Gamma, Beta

what are the four types of globulins

Fibrinogen

proteins in the blood that are responsible for blood clots

urea, uric acid

what are the two types of nitrogenous waste in the blood

breakdown of amino acids and proteins

what causes urea in the blood

breakdown of DNA

what causes uric acid in the blood

red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets

what are the three cellular elements in the blood

5-10 days

how long do platelets last

100 days

how long do red blood cells last

lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

what are the five types of white blood cells from smallest to largest

55%

what percent of blood is plasma

45%

what percent of blood is red blood cells

white blood cells and platelets

what is contained within the buffy coat of blood

2.5 million

how many blood cells do we make per second

kidney

senses level of oxygen in the blood and signals differentiation

erythropoietin

stimulates production of red blood cells

45%

what is a normal hematocrit

anemia

hematocrit less than 45%

polycythemia

hematocrit greater than 45%

dehydration

hematocrit greater than 45% but due to reduced plasma

pernicious anemia

type of anemia: due to the lack of vitamin B12

iron deficiency anemia

type of anemia: not enough iron in the body to manufacture red blood cells

aplastic anemia

type of anemia: failure of bone marrow to produce red blood cells correctly

sickle cell anemia

type of anemia: a genetic defect that causes Hb in the cells during low oxygen conditions (such as in the capillaries when exercising) to bind together, forming crystalline spikes which rupture the cell membrane. creates a deadly condition

280 million, 1 billion

how many heme groups in one red blood cell? how many molecules of oxygen?1

antibodies

what B cells make in response to foreign antigens

antigens

on every single living cells. if foreign, b cells respond to

agglutination

antibodies group together, “rounding up” antigens, so they can be eaten

Type AB

type of blood doesn’t have antibodies to A or B

Type O

type of blood that has antibodies to both type A and type B

Type O

type of blood that is the universal donor

Type AB

type of blood that is the universal recipient

cholesterol

doesn’t want to be in the plasma because the plasma is mostly water

chylomicrons

transport cholesterol and lipids from intestine (dietary) to liver via blood. can go anywhere in the body

LDLs

transport cholesterol and lipids from liver to tissues

LDLs

“bad cholesterol” too much can leads to plaque build-up and arteriosclerosis

HDLs

transports excess cholesterol from tissues and delivers it to livers

HDLs

“healthy cholesterol” cholesterol from tissues is properly disposed of or stored in the liver for future use