gas xchange

gas exchange

process that gets oxygen into, and removes carbon dioxide from into and out of the blood

features of gas exchange surfaces

LGTG

1. large surface area

2. good blood supply

3. thin surface

4. good ventilation

how does large surface area help?

provides more space for gas exchange to take place

how does good blood supply help?

ensures concentration gradients are maintained

what does a thin surface help with?

reduces the distance a gas has to travel

how does good ventilation help?

ensures concentration gradients are maintained

name the 6 parts of the breathing system

1. larynx

2. trachea

3. lungs

4. bronchi

5. bronchioles

6. diaphragm

what does the trachea have and what does it do

has rings of cartilage that strengthen and support the trachea, preventing it from collapsing during breathing

what is ventilation?

movement of air in and out of the lungs

what do intercostal muscles do?

control the moment of the ribs during breathing

during inhalation…

1. external intercostal muscles contract, internal relax

2. ribcage goes outwards and up

3. diaphragm flattens

4. volume of thorax increases

5. pressure in lungs decreases

during exhalation…

1. internal intercostal contact, external muscles relax

2. ribs move inwards and down

3. diaphragm returns back to dome shape

4. volume of thorax decreases

5. pressure in lungs increases

what features help protect the breathing system

1. nose hairs to trap dust

2. goblet cells secrete mucus that traps pathogens and particles (in lining of respiratory tract)

3. ciliated epithelial cells that have cilia that push mucus out of lungs to throat