Nuc Med Test: Generators

Barium 133

10.53 years, 437 & 383Kev

Moly breakthrough

always be a trace of moly that appears in the 99mTc product eluted from the generator

How effective equation

Tp x Tb/Tp + Tb

Cobalt 57

271.8 days, 122 KeV

Cesium 137

30.07 years, 662 KeV

Gallium 67

3.62 days/78.24 hours, 93,184,300 KeV

Indium 111

2.8 days/67.2 hours, 171&245 KeV

Iodine 123

13.2 hrs, 159 KeV

Iodine 125

60.02 days, 35 KeV

Iodine 131

8.02 days, 364 KeV + B

Lu-177

6.65 days, 210 KeV + B

Molybdenum 99

2.74 days/65.76 hrs, 181 & 740 KeV

Radium 223

11.4 days

Strontium 89

50.5 days

Samarium 153

1.93 days, 104 KeV

Thallium 201

3.04 days/72.96 hrs, 71 KeV

Technetium 99m

6.01 hours, 140 KeV

Xenon 133

5.24 days, 81 KeV

Yttrium 90

64 hours

Rb-82

1.273 min, 511 KeV

Ga-68

1.13 hours, 511 KeV

In a dry generator, what % of saline (sodium chloride) do you add?

0.9%, which is the same as your osmotic pressure in the body

What is the purpose of alumina?

Chemically separate the Moly from the Tc

A chemical impurity is known as

Alumina Breakthrough

If you drop alumina 3+ onto commercial spot paper, what could the results be?

no color, no impurity (less than 10ug/ml) , reddish pink color it is impregnated with alumina 3+

Alumina breakthrough

cannot be smaller than 10 ug/ml, is fission produced, can effect biodistribution, it flocculates (clumps)

Radionuclidic impurity example

99 Mo in the eluate of the 99Mo-99mTc generator

Radionuclidic impurity

amount of moly, less than .15 mCi moly/mCi Tc

99m Tc S.C. (sulfate colate)

only radiopharmaceutical (check if cloudy)

Transient

Parent half-life is just greater than daughter half-life, The ratio of the 99Mo and the 99m Tc activities remain constant

Secular

Parent half-life is much greater then the Daughter, in equilibrium

99MO- 99mTc generator

the radioactive material is absorbed on an ion exchange column, most common is alumina core generator

TcO4-

When the 99Mo generator is eluted, and used to carry Tc

Dose Calibrator

measures the ionizing radiation exposure

Carrier-Free

radioactive at the time of production, same element, no containments

When a radioisotope is  UNDILUTED with a STABLE isotope carrier, it is said to be

Carrier Free

Carrier Free radionuclides are most commonly associated with

reactor and accelerator produced nuclides

Specific Activity unit is

mCi/gm

Specific Activity is

ratio of radionuclide activity to the specific weight

Advantages of a cyclotron are

produce short lived radionuclides, carrier-free radioisotopes with a higher specific activity, wider variety of nuclear products

The difference between cyclotrons and linear accelerator is what?

Cyclotrons- protons, linear accelerator- electrons

Fission may be

spontaneous- by slowing down the highly energized neutrons or induced by neutron bombardment- self sustaining

When fission takes place

neutrons are released

Fission is

big to small

What is the most fissionable element

235 Uranium (neutron bombardment)

The fuel for most nuclear reactors are comprised of

Uranium and Plutonium

Fusion

Occurs when two lighter nuclei fuse to form a heavier nucleus, not self- sustaining

Tp

Physical half life

Tb

Biological half life, eliminating it

What is the best time to milk your generator?

24 hours (4.5 Daughter Lives)

How long is the stuff you milked our of your generator good for?

12 hours

How long should you wait to remilk your generator?

6 hours

Theoretical Yield

amount of a product that would be formed if your reaction was 100% efficient

Practical Yield

amount of product that is actually formed when a reaction is carried out in the lab