LAB 8 Eukaryotic Cell Cycle, Mitosis, and Karyotypes

A set of vocabulary flashcards derived from notes on the eukaryotic cell cycle, focusing on mitosis, karyotypes, and related terminology.

Mitosis

The process by which chromosomes in the cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets.

Cytokinesis

The division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells.

Karyotype

A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape.

Eukaryotic cells

Cells with a nucleus and organelles, including plant and animal cells.

Homologous Chromosomes

Chromosomes that are similar in shape and size, containing genes for the same characteristics at corresponding loci.

Sister Chromatids

Identical copies of a chromosome, formed during the S phase of the cell cycle.

Centromere

Region of DNA where two identical sister chromatids are joined together.

Interphase

The phase of the cell cycle where the cell grows and duplicates its DNA, consisting of G1, S, and G2 phases.

Prophase

The stage of mitosis where chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope begins to break down.

Anaphase

The stage of mitosis where sister chromatids are pulled apart toward opposite poles of the cell.

Telophase

The final stage of mitosis where nuclear membranes reform around two sets of chromosomes.

Growth (Cell Division)

Cells divide to support an organism's growth, repair tissues, and replace old cells.

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

The molecule that contains the genetic instructions for the development and functioning of living things.

Central Dogma

The process of transferring genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein.

Binary Fission

A form of asexual reproduction in prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria.

Cancer

A disease characterized by uncontrolled cell division and growth.