ARC 1013 - Briar Jones/MSST - Test 1

Architeture

The discipline dealing with the principles of design, construction, & ornamentation of fine buildings

It responds to the needs of its users & rises to the level of art

What does architecture respond to?

It connects by a particular place & relates to the specifics of geography, climate, & the surroundings

How does architecture connect to its site?

Site

Where architects call the particular place a building is to be constructed

It is important b/c it permanently records a civilization's aesthetic tastes, material resources, political & social aspirations

Why is architecture important?

Yes

Does it help define a place?

1) Firmness (structure)

2) Commodity (function)

3) Delight (beauty)

What are Vitruvius' 3 essential principles to architecture?

Solids, voids, scale, massing, proportion, rhythm, color, texture, & light

What do architects use? 8

Golden Section

Euclid (Greek) an irrational proportion w/ special mathematics & spatial relationships applicable to a wide variety of phenomena including art, aesthetics, music, & nature

Scale is approx. 8:5 or 1.618

Le Corbusier's Modulor

A series of harmonic numbers; one was the average height of a human being, the other, the height of a man with raised arm(s)

Style

A particular/distinctive form of artistic expression characteristics of a person, people, or period

Mies van der Rohe quote

"God is in the details"

~ Shed roof - sloped to one side

~ Gable roof - slopes in 2 directions

~ Hipped roof - sloping ends & ends that meet at a ridge

~ Pavilion roof - shaped like a pyramid & is used to cover a square structure

~ Barrel roof - semi-circular roof

~ Gambrel roof - roof that combines 2 different pitches below the ridge (barn)

~ Mansard roof - roof that combines 2 different pitches below the ridge (in France)

~ Flat roof - rarely flat, very low slope

Roofs (8)

~ Rusticated wall - made of stone that are typically rough & raised off the wall surface

~ Half-timbered wall - having a timber framework w/ the spaces filled w/ masonry/plaster

~ Clapboard siding - wood siding laid horizontally

~ Board & batten siding - wood siding laid vertically consisting of wide boards & narrow battens

~ Stucco - a corse plaster composed of cement, sand, & lime mixed w/ water used to cover exterior walls

~ Glass - glass

~ Curtain wall - a nonstructural frame & glass cladding system

~ Masonry - brick/stone/concrete block

~ Concrete - concrete

Walls (9)

~ Lancet window - tall, narrow w/ arch at top

~ Tracery - decorative stonework trefoil-cloverleaf shape w/ 3-4 clovers

~ Palladian - a round headed window flanked by 2 smaller ones

~ Double-hung - a window having 2 vertically hung sashes, each on separate tracks

~ Dormer - vertical window in a projection built out on a sloping roof

~ Bay - a window projecting from the surface of the wall to allow light from 3 sides

~ Ribbon - horizontal band of windows

~ Casement - a window sash opening on hinges generally attached to the vertical side of a frame

~ Transom - a window above the transom of a doorway

~ Clerestory - a portion of an interior rising above adjacent rooftops & having windows to admit daylight

Windows (10)

~ Arched - pointed & rounded

~ Pedimented - triangular shape over

~ Venetian/Palladian - a door opening w/ a semicircular window (fanlight) above & flanked by vertical windows (sidelights)

~ French - door having rectangular glass panes extending throughout its length often hung in pairs

~ Sliding - a door operates/moves by sliding on a track

Doorways (5)

Building type

An architectural form which has become accepted by society through repeated use

1) Need

2) Land (site) - renovation v. new

3) Financing

3 things required for an architectural project

Building program

A client's list of practical requirements for a design project

Ecole des Beaux-Arts

est. 1700

First true architecture school

1. 5 yr BARC OR 4 + 2 MARC OR 3+ yr MARC (if not BARC)

2. Minimum 3 yr internship

3. Pass 7 part ARE 4.0 exam

Steps to becoming an licensed architect (3)

~ schematic design - 15% of fee

~ design development - 25% of fee

~ construction documents - 35% of fee

~ bidding & contract negotiation - 5% of fee

~ construction phase - 20% of fee

Basic architecture services

~ Drawings - architects do not build buildings; they make complex sets of instructions for others to build (instructions consist of drawings, specs, & other contracts)

~ Specifications - part of the contract docs. consisting of a detailed description of the technical nature of the materials, standards, & quality of execution of work

What is design development?

They are stamped with the architect's seal prior to having duplicates (blueprints) made

What happens to the final drawings and specifications?

Architectural drawings

~ Orthographic - 2D; 3 types: plan, section, elevation

~ Axonometric - 3D (measured); paraline - parallel lines in object are parallel in drawings

~ Perspective - 3D (way it'll look, depict, & require measurements); foreshortening - parallel lines in object appear to recede in depth