HMB202

Intro to Health & Disease

Health

homeostasis, the coordinated physiological reactions which maintain most of the steady states in the body

Disease

“end stage” disequilibrium, an observable phenomenon that expresses damage brought by a pathogen or internal functional abnormality

Etiology

case or nature of the environmental perturbation that leads to disease

Coagulative Necrosis

dead tissue appears firm, structures are faintly recognizable

Colliquative Necrosis

dead tissue appears semi-liquid, no structures are recognizable

Caseous Necrosis

cream cheese; dead tissue resembles soft, friable, whitish-grey clump

Hyperplasia

increase in cell number

Metaplasia

one type of differentiated tissue replaces another

Dysplasia

alteration in size, shape & organization of mature cells

Anaplasia

extreme form of arrested or altered differentiation but mainly malignant

Neoplasia

abnormal new growth all together, can be benign or malignant

Hypoxia

low oxygen for cells, leads to fatty liver

Liver

largest gland in the body, endocrine and exocrine functions, centre of drug detoxification and metabolism, plays a key role in digestion by producing bile and processing nutrients.

Conducting Portion of Resp System

situated both onside and outside the lungs to convey air from the external environment into the lungs

Respiratory Portion

located strictly within the lungs, functions in the actual exchange of oxygen for carbon dioxide, involves alveoli

Capillary Bed

large vascual surface area

Thin membrane surface

for gas exchange, this surface must be kept moist at all times

Diaphragm action

method for renewing the gas media within the lung environment

Inflammation

localized vascular response to injury, can be acute or chronic

Arteriosclerosis

arterial walls thicken + lose elasticity

Thrombosis

formation of a blood clot

Embolism

the movement of a thrombus and subsequent blockage / clog

Humoral Response

antiobodies as a response to injury

Cellular Response

immune cells (wbc, etc) as a response to injury

Acute Inflammation

involves changes that occur within minutes of injury and persist for several hours or day

Chronic Inflammation

is more variable than acute and includes several forms of tissue reactions over a long period of time, injury stim due to persistence or repetitious injury, leading to ongoing inflammation

Repair

proliferative response, damaged tissue is repaired by regeneration or replacement of the damaged parenchyma or stroma by fibrous tissue

Neutrophils

type of wbc that migrate to sites of infection or injury to phagocytize pathogens and debris

Macrophages

A type of white blood cell that surrounds and kills microorganisms, removes dead cells, and stimulates the action of other immune system cells

Lymphocytes

white blood cells that help the body fight infection and disease

Fibroblasts

type of wbc that aids the formation of connective tissue

Cytokines

small, signaling proteins that act as messengers between cells, primarily within the immune system, regulating the growth and activity of immune cells and blood cells