integumentary system A&P lab
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195 Terms
What is the thin superficial layer of the skin?
dermis
epidermis
What is the thick deeper layer of the skin?
What are the layers of the epidermis, superficial to deep?
-Stratum Corneum
-Stratum Lucidum (found only in thick epidermis)
-Stratum Granulosum
-Stratum Spinosum
-Stratum Germinativum/Basale
What is a function of the stratum germinativum/basale?
It contains stem cells that replenish cells as superficial layers slough off
What does the Stratum Germinativum contain that dictates the color of our skin?
The stratum germinativum contains special cells called melanocytes
What do melanocytes produce?
Melanin
What is a function of the melanin?
Absorbs UV radiation
What is the melanocyte activity of 1. people with pale ivory skin and 2. people with dark ebony skin?
Low melanocyte activity
High melanocyte activity
For those who have low melanocyte activity, skin color is determined by what two factors?
Carotene- orange pigment
Dermal blood supply- rosy appearance
How is the epidermis secured to the dermis?
through a series of epidermal ridges and dermal papillae that act as a lock
Where are epidermal ridges/dermal papillae more prominent on the integument?
Areas with high frictional stress-such as the sole of the feet
What happens when there is excess friction on the skin?
The two layers (epidermal ridges and dermal papillae) separate and fill the space between with interstitial fluid thus creating a blister.
What does the dermis contain?
Blood vessels, nerves, sensory receptors, extracellular fibers, hair follicles, and glands
How are blood vessels (arteries and veins) divided?
They are divided by location (superficial to deep)
What protein are both hair and nails composed of?
keratin
What is the basic function of the hair and nails?
Protect the integument
What areas of the body is hair not found on?
The soles of the feet, the palms of the hands, lips, and portions of the external genitalia
Describe the terminal hair and where it is found
-Typically long and thick
-Found on the head, eyebrows, eyelashes, and pubic regions
Describe the vellus hair and where it is found
-typically, short and thin
-vellus hair comprise most (75%) of the hair on the body
What is the function of the arrector pili muscle?
Lifts the hair shaft upon nervous stimulation, which increases skin sensitivity
What is the function of the papilla?
vascular structure that provides nutrients
What is the function of the matrix?
location of new hair growth
What are the shaft layers superficial to deep?
cuticle, cortex, medulla