Unit 1 Exam Review Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering native societies, European motivations, colonial settlements, economic policies, and major conflicts from the Unit 1 Exam Review notes.

Bergina

The route by which humans first entered North America.

Canokia

A northern society that developed into a large centralized society.

Aztecs

A group that migrated to the valley of Mexico, conquered surrounding groups to pay tribute, and had distinct social classes/roles in a more urban society.

Pueblo People

A northern group that developed a unique culture and architecture characterized by having no private property, where all was shared.

Mayan Culture

A central culture that developed a distinct culture, astronomy, and calendar system.

Gold (Colonial Motivation)

An economic motivation centered on money and gold that fueled countries like Spain, Portugal, England, and France to take over territories under mercantilism.

God (Colonial Motivation)

A religious motivation resulting from huge religious division in Europe, prompting Christians to flee Europe in search of religious freedom.

Glory (Colonial Motivation)

A motivation where empires demonstrated power to control large territories amidst rivalries among European empires.

Columbian Exchange

The transfer of plants, animals, diseases, and people between the East and West hemispheres that reshaped culture/diet, decreased biodiversity, spread smallpox, killed millions of indigenous Americans, and caused population changes.

Mission Systems

Systems created by the Spanish using missionaries to convert indigenous people to Christianity and control Native American communities.

Pueblos (Spanish Settlements)

Villages or towns created by the Spanish where settlers lived and worked to establish permanent communities and control the land.

Bacon's Rebellion

A 1676 uprising that caused the upper class to fear lower-class rebellions, leading colonies to pass strict new laws and shift away from indentured servants toward a system of race-based slavery.

Navigation Acts

Laws passed by England under mercantilism forcing colonial raw materials to go straight to England and banning independent colonial manufacturing or foreign trade, which drove colonists to smuggling.

British Debt and Taxes

Massive debts taken on by the British to win the war, which they attempted to recover by increasing taxes on American colonists, triggering immense colonial resentment.

Proclamation Line

A boundary issued by Britain banning western settlement, which angered colonists who believed they fought the war specifically for the right to expand into western Pennsylvania and beyond.

Joint Stock Companies

Groups of investors who contributed money to a company to pay for colonies in hopes that the colonies would make them a profit.

Removal of French Threat

The total elimination of New France in North America, which removed a hostile foreign neighbor so colonists no longer felt they needed British military protection, making it easier to challenge British authority.

Misleading Maps

Historical maps that omitted the Native American perspective, failing to show Native resistance, ongoing territorial fights with France, or the 15-year war that broke out in Jamestown.

Chesapeake Settlement

A colonial region where 1,000 unemployed / unman.ed englishmen migrated hoping for a better life, featuring an environment that allowed them to successfully grow tobacco as their number one crop.

New England Settlement

A colonial region settled by Puritans who migrated to practice their religion without persecution, featuring a colder climate and rocky soil that made farming harder, leading them to build ships to transport tobacco and sugar throughout the Atlantic world.