Endomembrane System and Protein Transport

Flashcards covering key concepts of the endomembrane system, protein production, and transport as outlined in the lecture notes.

Endomembrane system

A system of organelles that produce, store, and export proteins and other biomolecules.

Transcription

The process of copying double-stranded DNA into single-stranded messenger RNA (mRNA) in the nucleus.

Ribosome

A structure that reads mRNA to make proteins via translation.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

The part of the ER that has ribosomes on its surface and is responsible for packaging proteins into vesicles.

Golgi apparatus

An organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or use within the cell.

Vesicles

Membrane bubbles that transport proteins or other biomolecules.

Lysosome

Membranous sacs filled with digestive enzymes that degrade harmful substances and digest nonfunctional organelles.

Peroxisome

Membranous sacs that contain detoxifying substances to neutralize toxins in cells.

Secretory vesicle

A vesicle that transports proteins to the plasma membrane for secretion by exocytosis.

Translation

The process where ribosomes synthesize proteins using the information in mRNA.