Colligative Properties of Solutions

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and definitions related to the colligative properties of solutions, focusing on osmotic pressure, vapor pressure, boiling and freezing point changes, and tonicity.

Colligative Properties

Properties that depend on the number of particles (ions or molecules) of solute in solution.

Osmotic Pressure

The pressure that needs to be exerted on the concentrated side to prevent the flow of solvent through a semi-permeable membrane.

Vapor Pressure Lowering

A decrease in vapor pressure when non-volatile solutes are dissolved in a solvent.

Boiling Point Elevation

The increase in boiling point of a solvent when a solute is added, requiring a higher temperature to reach the same vapor pressure as the pure solvent.

Freezing Point Depression

The decrease in freezing point of a solvent when a solute is added, requiring a lower temperature to solidify.

Isotonic Solution

A solution that has the same osmotic pressure as body fluids, resulting in no net movement of water into or out of cells.

Hypotonic Solution

A solution with a lower osmotic pressure than another, leading to net water movement into cells.

Hypertonic Solution

A solution with a higher osmotic pressure than another, leading to net water movement out of cells.

van't Hoff Factor (i)

A factor that accounts for the effect of solute particles on colligative properties, indicating the number of particles a solute produces in solution.

Osmolarity

The number of osmoles of solute per liter of solution.

Osmolality

The number of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent.

Raoult’s Law

States the relationship between the vapor pressure of a solvent and the mole fraction of solute in solution.

Molality (m)

The moles of solute per kilogram of solvent, used in calculating colligative properties.

Sodium Chloride Equivalent (SCE)

The amount of NaCl that has the same colligative effect as 1g of a drug.

What are the colligative properties of solutions and define hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic?

Colligative properties depend on the number of solute particles in a solution, including vapor pressure lowering, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and osmotic pressure. Hypotonic solutions have a lower concentration of solute compared to another solution, causing cells to swell. Isotonic solutions have the same concentration of solute as another solution, leading to no net movement of water. Hypertonic solutions have a higher concentration of solute, causing cells to shrink due to water moving out.