States of Matter, Mixtures, and Materials

Vocabulary flashcards covering the particle arrangements, physical properties, combinations, separation methods, and non-metal/metal characteristics from the provided science lecture transcript.

Matter

Anything that has mass and volume (takes up space).

Solid

A state of matter with a fixed shape, definite volume, high density, rigidity, low diffusivity, and tightly packed particles arranged in a regular pattern.

Liquid

A state of matter with a definite volume that takes the shape of its container, has high density, moderate diffusivity, and particles close together that can move and slide past each other.

Gas

A state of matter that expands to fill its container, has low density, high compressibility, high diffusivity, and widely spaced, high-energy particles moving rapidly in all directions.

Compressibility

The ability of a substance to be squashed or reduced in volume under pressure; gases are highly compressible due to large spaces between particles, while solids and liquids are not.

Paste

A mixture created by combining solid flour with liquid water, used as an inexpensive glue or to thicken sauces during cooking.

Concrete

A durable material created by combining solid cement powder with liquid water.

Foam

A material created by trapping gaseous bubbles inside a liquid or a solid.

Liquid Foam

A foam formed by trapping gaseous bubbles in a liquid, such as soap bubbles from air and soapy water, or fire extinguisher foam.

Solid Foam

A foam created in solid form that is lightweight and compressible, used for home insulation materials and flotation devices.

Mixture

A combination of at least two different substances mixed together that can be easily separated.

Crude Oil

A natural mixture that can be separated into petrol, diesel, bitumen for tarring roads, and chemicals used to make plastics.

Sieving

A separation method using a device with small openings that allows tiny particles to pass through while catching larger ones.

Filtering

A method used to separate insoluble solids from liquids using filter paper with tiny holes.

Hand Sorting

A manual method of separating a mixture when the individual substances are large enough to be separated by hand.

Settling

A process where solid particles in a liquid mixture separate themselves over time by sinking to the bottom when left undisturbed.

Decanting

A method used to separate a liquid from a solid sediment by pouring the liquid into a separate container, commonly used in the red wine industry.

Non-Metals

Materials that lack metal properties, often characterized as flexible, brittle, dull, easy to shape, and easy to colour.

Plastics

Non-metal materials that are springy, waterproof, lightweight, and easily shaped, used to make items like buckets, plugs, and bags.

Fibres

Strong, flexible materials made of tiny threads, which can be natural like cotton and wool, or manufactured like polyester.

Molten Metal

Metal that has been heated to extreme temperatures until it turns into a liquid state, allowing it to be poured into molds.