Hepatocellular carcinoma

What is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)?

HCC is the most common type of primary liver cancer, arising from hepatocytes.

What are common risk factors for developing HCC?

Common risk factors include chronic hepatitis B and C infections, cirrhosis, and alcoholic liver disease.

What are the typical symptoms of hepatocellular carcinoma?

Symptoms may include weight loss, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, jaundice, and hepatomegaly.

How is HCC diagnosed?

Diagnosis often involves imaging studies (CT or MRI), serum alpha-fetoprotein levels, and liver biopsy.

What role does alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) play in HCC?

AFP is a tumor marker that can be elevated in patients with HCC, aiding in diagnosis.

What is the most common surgical treatment for HCC?

The most common surgical treatment is liver resection or partial hepatectomy.

What is liver transplantation's role in HCC treatment?

Liver transplantation can be curative for HCC, especially in patients with early-stage tumors and cirrhosis.

What are the treatment options for advanced HCC?

For advanced HCC, treatment options include systemic therapies like Sorafenib, lenvatinib, and immunotherapy.

What is transarterial chemoembolization (TACE)?

TACE is a palliative treatment that delivers chemotherapy directly to the tumor while cutting off its blood supply.

What are the prognosis factors for HCC?

Prognosis is influenced by tumor size, presence of cirrhosis, vascular invasion, performance status, and underlying liver function.