Early Classical period prescribed statues

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1
<p>The Delphic Charioteer</p><p>Height? Date? Material? Location?</p>

The Delphic Charioteer

Height? Date? Material? Location?

  • Height: 1.80m

  • Date: Either 478 or 474 BC

  • Material: Multi-media hollow bronze statue→copper (lips, eyelashes), silver (teeth, fillet) and onyx for the eyes

  • Location: Part of a votive offering at the Panhellenic sanctuary of Apollo at Delphi, now located in the museum of Delphi

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2

The Delphic Charioteer

Contextual Knowledge → Why was it erected?

It is a votive statue offered at the Panhellenic sanctuary of Apollo at Delphi. It was dedicated after a victory at the Pythian games by a tyrant called Polyzalos of Gela. The inscription on the base of the statue reads

‘Polyzaos dedicated me. … Make him prosper, honoured Apollo’

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3

How was Chariot racing significant in Ancient Greece?

By the archaic and classical periods, chariot races were a prominent part of Olympic games and Pythian games at Delphi with purpose built hippodromes. It gained you kleos and time (honour) and was a display of arete.

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4

The Delphic Charioteer

What makes the Delphic Charioteer aesthetically pleasing? (give 5 points with examples)

  • The sculptors use of multi-media seen in the use of copper for the eyelashes and lips and the use of silver in the fillet and onyx and black agate in the in-laid eyes and of course bronze for the rest of the statue. This shows the sculptors techne through their ability to work with multiple mediums and also their wealth

  • It is a display of piety as a votive statue to Apollo e.g. the inscription

  • It displays a clear narrative through the group composition and the reins and the fillet (a symbol of victory)

  • The concentrated and almost severe style facial expression gives a sense of realism and narrative e.g. pursued full lips, heavy chin, oval face, alert and attentive eyes and also the rigid posture

  • fluting and curvilinear features seen in the upper drapery and deep folds created by the cross brace on the back

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5

The Delphic Charioteer

What makes him less aesthetically pleasing?

  • The fluting of the lower drapery gives no sense of anatomy beneath the xystis and makes the legs appear extremely elongated giving it a lack of realism. However in the whole group composition this part of the body would have been hidden.

  • The contrast between the light and crinkled folds of the upper torso’s drapery and the heavy drapery below the waist gives a sense on inconsistency and makes them seem like they are made from different materials

  • The rigid asymmetric action pose seems restrained and primitive like the archaic statues. There is a slight twist and the waist and turn of the head to the right but it offers barely any movement or realism

  • The lack of emotion in the facial expression ‘severe style’

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6

The Delphic Charioteer

How is the Delphic Charioteer more advanced than earlier archaic statues?

  • He is clothed and has more complex drapery

  • There is no archaic smile

  • He is made from bronze and also has multi-media

  • He is part of a group composition and has props

  • Age is conveyed more through the youthful curls and full face

  • Less focus on displaying an ideal and more on the narrative

  • Realism

  • Movement in pose

  • More free standing- no plinth or hair support

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7

The Delphic Charioteer

What parts of the statue show remnants of archaic features?

  • The planted feet

  • The Geometric patterns used in the silver fillet

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8

The Delphic Charioteer

Scholar Quotes

Richard Neer: ‘He had been flagrantly inconsistent in rendering the chiton (xystis)’

Barringer: ‘He appears alert and attentive’

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9
<p>The Artemision Zeus</p><p>Height? Date? Material? Location?</p>

The Artemision Zeus

Height? Date? Material? Location?

  • Height: 2.09m

  • Date: c.460-450 BC

  • Material: Hollow Bronze statue with copper lips and nipples and ivory/bone inlaid eyes and on the eyebrows

  • Location: It was found in the sea off Cape Artemisium and is now located in the national archaeological museum in Athens, Greece

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10

The Artemision Zeus

What is debate about his missing prop?

In the flexed bent throwing arm his hand is held in a wide grasp. People debate whether he was Zeus holding a thunderbolt or Poseidon wielding his trident.

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11

The Artemision Zeus

What makes him aesthetically pleasing? (5 points)

  • The cold work seen in his beard and parted fringe are particularly detailed and intricate. This is a great display of the sculptors techne and gives the sculpture and more naturalistic and impressive look.

  • The dynamic and daring pose portrays a narrative of a figure caught in movement. It shows the unfolding of time and displays the narrative of a man or god about to throw something. e.g. the out-stretched aiming arm and the flexed throwing arm

  • The triangles formed by the pose create a symmetrically pleasing look

  • Nudity and the size of 2.09m makes him feel impressive and shows his strength and arete

  • Use of multimedia

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12

The Artemision Zeus

What makes him less aesthetically pleasing?

  • He is not made for in the round viewing as he looks incredible from the front and back but is less powerful and effective from the side views

  • The torso does not react to the out-stretched action limbs → not realistic

  • Severe emotionless facial expression

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13

The Artemision Zeus

What features of the early classical period does he show? How has he advanced from the archaic period?

  • Use of bronze and multi-media

  • Severe style facial expression e.g. pursued lips, determined inlaid eyes locked on target, furrowed brows

  • Facial hair and the use of cold work show age differentiation

  • Dynamic action pose

  • Missing prop

  • No archaic smile

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14

The Artemision Zeus

Scholar Quotes

  • Boardman: ‘vigorously threatening and static in its perfect balance’

  • Neer: ‘The Artemision sculptor has elongated the left arm to nearly simian length’

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15
<p>Myron’s Diskobolos</p><p>Height? Date? Material? Location?</p>

Myron’s Diskobolos

Height? Date? Material? Location?

  • Height: 1.55M

  • Date: Greek original, 460-450 BC

  • Material: Roman marble copy of the original bronze

  • Location: British Museum

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16

Myron’s Diskobolos

What makes him aesthetically pleasing?

  • Didactic pose: message of arete and techne→ideal male athletic physique, dynamic skillful pose

  • Extended arms vs flexed legs

  • Contrasting shapes: arcs of extended arms vs zig zags of back and back flexed legs

  • Rich relatable narrative conveying the tension of the athlete before he releases the discus →the use of the discus as a prop, asymmetric action pose, serene and severe facial expression

  • Message of Kinesis→right planted foot, dragging left toes and raised left foot, arc of back and hips, flexed aiming arm and asymmetric throwing arm, turned head→captures imminent movement

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17

Myron’s Diskobolos

What makes him less aesthetically pleasing?

  • Designed only for frontal view but is in the round→the side view is not visually effective

  • The torso does not fully react to the action limbs and there is no real strain within the body which is highly unrealistic

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18

Myron’s Diskobolos

Scholar Quotes

  • Boardman: ‘The figure is cut in one plane for a single view point’

  • Woodford: ‘new aesthetic’ ‘curved versus straight’ ‘smooth versus angular’

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